今日开始第一讲：情态动词不能改？

先来看一道题：

156. (29754-!-item-!-188;#058&004524)
Deborah Aguiar-Velez, founder of Sistemas Corporation, has written a computer textbook in Spanish for people who speak Spanish and so then do not have to rely on translations from
English.
A. for people who speak Spanish and so then
B. for people who speak Spanish, and then they
C. for people speaking Spanish who
D. so that people who speak Spanish
E. so that people can speak Spanish and then

下面是chasedream论坛上网友整理的题目注释，首先必须肯定这些网友为广大考友做的辛勤劳动，但是很可惜，这位网友显然带上了被某机构毒害的痕迹，有颜色的字是其注释部分

选项分析：
A、错在so then后面句子的主语与DAV一样然而句子想要说的是people who speak Spanish
B、这里的and then没有错，只是表达因果上和句子表达上不如so that好
C、没有so that好，而且原句修饰people的从句改成了修饰Spanish
D、正确
E、在这里注意一下情态动词，一般情况下原句没有情态动词的不要乱加，有了情态动词的正
确答案的选项中也一定要出现同类情态动词

请注意E选项的解读。其实，E的错法非常简单，就是逻辑意思不对，因为根据句意，某人写了本西语书，所以，讲西语的人就可以看了，而不需要依赖翻译。而E的意思是，某人写了本书，导致一堆人可以讲西语和看读某书了。这显然不符合逻辑。但是很遗憾的是，本题评注者被一些所谓的规律蒙住了眼睛，没有去注意这一具有推广性，真正能提高考生分析句意能力的考点，却去留意所谓的“情态动词”考点。

其实，大家只要想一想就可以明白，正确答案是否需要情态动词，完全取决于逻辑句意是否需要传达情态的意思。命题者只需要把E选项调换到A选项，那么马上就可以出现所谓的原句有情态，正确的选项并无情态动词的矛盾。看到了把，这个”规律“多么脆弱！

再看一道题目，彻底打破那些妖道所谓的”规律“

Possible long-term consequences of the “greenhouse effect,” the gradual warming of the Earth’s climate, may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level.
A. may include melting the polar ice caps and a rising sea level
B. may include the melting of polar ice caps and the rising sea level
C. may include polar ice caps that are melting and sea levels that are rising
D. include melting the polar ice caps and sea levels that are rising
E. include melting of the polar ice caps and a rise in sea level

此题“原句”（请允许我先借用一下这个错误的提法）是有情态动词may的。但是，恰恰是这个may，导致了和第一个单词possible在意义上的重复。此题另一个考点是平行结构，最后的正确答案是E，并无情态动词。

诸君须记，所以的简单依靠回归分析总结的规律，都是能被命题者反向设计的;所有不借助理性分析得到的所谓”偏好“，都会存在巨大的使用风险。

本期为第二讲，主题是，主动语态优先被动语态？

应该说，这个提法不是完全地错误，只是在执行过程中，很容易被学生错误操作成，一见到被动语态的选项就杀。因为学生并不懂得执行这个规律的前提。

先看一道符合该规律的题目：

PREP 232题

Although the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its sales at restaurants open for more than a year have declined.

A. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales have increased dramatically, its

B. the restaurant company has recently added many new restaurants across the country and its sales increased dramatically, its

C. many new restaurants have recently been opened across the country and its sales increased dramatically, the restaurant company's

D. having recently added many new restaurants across the country and with its sales increasing dramatically, the restaurant company's

E. recently adding many new restaurants across the country and having its sales increase dramatically, the restaurant company's

本题的正确选项是A，注意C是一个被动语态的选项。但是排除C的原因，并非因为它写成了被动语态，而是C中的这个it，由于主语被改成了restaurants，导致无法指代。这才是真正的原因。也就是说，写成被动语态本身并不是什么致命的错误，真正导致出错的，实际上很可能是由于句子写成了被动语态带来的句子主语的变化，导致其和前后部分产生了不一致关系。明白这个真正的内因，才能深刻理解英语句子调换了语序，对修饰关系带来的影响。

再看两道和所谓“规律”矛盾的题目。

Imported into Massachusetts form Europe in 1869, the gypsy moth was used by a French scientist in an attempt at developing a strong strain of silk-producing insects, crossing gypsy moths with adult silkworms.

1. Imported into Massachusetts from Europe in 1869, the gypsy moth was used by a French scientist in an attempt at developing a strong strain of silk-producing insects, crossing gypsy moths with adult silkworms.
2. Imported into Massachusetts form Europe in 1869, a French scientist was attempting to develop a strong strain of silk-producing insects by crossing gypsy moths with adult silkworms.
3. To cross gypsy moths with adult silkworms, in attempting the development of a strong strain of silk-producing insects, a French scientist in 1869 imported the gypsy moth into Massachusetts from Europe.
4. The gypsy moth was imported into Massachusetts from Europe in 1869 by a French scientist attempting to develop a strong strain of silk-producing insects by crossing gypsy moths with adult silkworms.
5. In an attempt at the development of a strong strain of silk-producing insects, a French scientist, importing the gypsy moth from Europe into Massachusetts in1869 inorder to cross gypsy moths and adult silkworms.

此题答案是D

为何此题要采用被动语态？因为作者在组织语序的过程中发现，只有采取被动语态，才能在一句话里面承载所有信息，而不至于出现修饰问题。另外，采取了主动语态的B选项恰恰是错误选项，因为科学家被置于句首，导致无法被主句之前的“Imported。。。。”修饰。

Regardless of their form or function, all aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects made for throwing have been called boomerangs by non-Australians even since 1788, when Europeans saw Dharug-speaking men tossing “bumariny” in the area later known as Sydney.

1. Regardless of their form or function, all aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects made for throwing have been called boomerangs by non-Australians ever since 1788,
2. Regardless of their form or function, any aerodynamically enhanced, curved object made for throwing has been called a boomerang by non-Australians ever since 1788,
3. Ever since 1788, non-Australians have called all aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects made for throwing boomerangs, regardless of their form or function, from
4. Ever since 1788, any aerodynamically enhanced, curved object made for throwing has been called a boomerang by non-Australians, regardless of its form or function, from
5. Non-Australians have called all aerodynamically enhanced, curved objects made for throwing boomerangs ever since 1788, regardless of their form or function, from

此题答案为A，也是被动语态。为何？本题解题有很多切入点，一个巧妙的切入点就是利用“regardless of their form or function”.这一修饰部分，无论摆前摆后，都是用于修饰主句主语的，这就已经注定了，主句的主语只能是objects，而不能是人，有种姻缘早被注定的感觉。使用主动语态的选项反而是错的。

再看一题

3 The first commercially successful drama to depict Black family life sympathetically and the first play by a Black woman to be produced on Broadway, it was Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun that won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959, and was later made into both a film and a musical.

1. it was Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun that won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959, and was later made
2. in1959 A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award and was later made
3. Lorraine Hansberry won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award for A Raisin in the Sun in 1959, and it was later made
4. Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959 and was later made
5. A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, won the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award in 1959, and later made it

本题答案是D，使用了主动语态的E选项反而是错的。因为made的真正发出者不是E中显示的那本书。也就是说，逻辑意思比所谓的主动被动更重要。

讲到这，诸君可能已经若有所悟。主动和被动，只是形式的区别，真正决定句子对错的，更多是逻辑意思。主动也好，被动也好，只是一个表象，要做出正确的判断，一定要明白写成主动或者被动形式，带来了句子什么样的修饰关系或者逻辑意思的变化，才是得其神韵。

留一题供诸君思考，这题判断对错的依据是什么？是主动被动吗？

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to announce a reduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but officials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day.

1. year, but only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output
2. year, but only if the output of non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, is trimmed
3. year only if the output of non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would be trimmed
4. year only if non-OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were trimming output
5. year only if non-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output

它们被某机构鼓吹为必错，总是最先被弃于选择之外，它们总是被OG用akward/wordy等一个简单的描述，轻轻地贴上了标签，却与谁人诉？

然而，总有那么一些顽强的绿芽，穿透冰雪覆盖的土原，要和那众生，摆摆理，说说那自己存在的价值。

一  为什么being、having会出错？

与前两讲分析的原理一样，简单地把having、being视为必错选项，实质上是犯了形而上的思维谬误，简单地对有限的历史样本进行回归，而忽略了背后的逻辑分析，因而极其容易被命题老头进行反向设计。

任何表象必有其内在原因，主要来说，把having/being置于死地的主要是这么几种原因：

（1）你丫真的多余了：being + 形容词或者名词或过去分词，构成一个句子的状语的时候，如

Being very tired， Sam go to the toilet.

这个being就是可以省略的，根据英语语法，也必须省略。

此题的B选项也类似该情况。

She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared to her native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group of discerning admirers, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in prestigious galleries across the United States.
A. She was less successful after she had emigrated to New York compared to
B. Being less successful after she had emigrated to New York as compared to
C. Less successful after she emigrated to New York than she had been in
D. Although she was less successful after emigrating to New York when compared to
E. She had been less successful after emigrating to New York than in

这个being就是可以拿掉的，当然，必须反复指出，该选项的毛病必不限于being一处。

此题的B选项也是同一情况

The thirteen original British colonies in North America, some formed as commercial ventures,others as religious havens, each had a written charter that set forth its form of government and the rights of the colonists.
A. some formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, each had a written charter

B. some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all of which had written charters
C. some that formed as commercial ventures, others as religious havens, all had written charters
D. with some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a written charter
E. with some formed as commercial ventures, while others as religious havens, each had a written charter

（2）受累于独立主格结构之类的吃力不讨好的写法，由be被迫变成分词being，或者被强迫名词化，受牵连而错。如上题的D选项

D. with some being formed as a commercial venture, others as religious havens, all had a written charter

还有此题的A选项

For the last five years the Dutch economy has grown faster than Britain, France, or Germany,
with the unemployment rate having remained well below that of the other three countries.
A. Britain, France, or Germany, with the unemployment rate having remained
B. have those of Britain, France, or Germany, and the unemployment rate remaining
C. have Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained
D. the economy of Britain, France, and Germany, with the unemployment rate that has remained
E. the economies of Britain, France, and Germany, and the unemployment rate has remained

再有

D. Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past

上面就是被迫名词化，承担了自己无法承担的功能，你说你用committment多好啊

（3）由于其出现，导致了句子谓语缺失，如此题的E选项

Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.
A. 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become
B. 22, was injured three times, while being discharged in 1783 because she had become
. 22 and was injured three times, and discharged in 1783, being
D. 22, injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she was
E. 22, having been injured three times and discharged in 1783, being

以下这题2种情况都出现了

223. (33083-!-item-!-188;#058&007226) (T-4-Q16)
Humans have been damaging the environment for centuries by overcutting trees and
farming too intensively, and though some protective measures, like the establishment of
national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in
population and in the intensity of industrialization are causing a worldwide ecological crisis.
A. though some protective measures, like the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great increases in population
B. though some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, were taken decades ago, great increases in population
C. though some protective measures, such as establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries having been taken decades ago, great population increases              无谓语
D. with some protective measures, like establishing national forests and wildlife sanctuaries that were taken decades ago, great increases in population
E. with some protective measures, such as the establishment of national forests and wildlife sanctuaries, having been taken decades ago, great population increases          被with所累

（4）虽然别扭，都是自身并无硬伤，是由于与句子其它部分产生不一致关系而错。如

214. (31773-!-item-!-188;#058&006602) (GWD-8-Q1:GWD-13-13)
Being that she was secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D.Roosevelt was used preventing him from restraining strikes by longshoremen and automobile workers.
A. Being that she was secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt was used preventing
B. As secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt was used to prevent
C. Being secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt was used preventing
D. As secretary of labor, Frances Perkins used her considerable influence with Franklin D. Roosevelt to prevent
E. Secretary of labor, Frances Perkins' considerable influence was used with Franklin D.Roosevelt preventing

某论坛直接用being 杀掉A，C是不对的。这里A，C虽然别扭，但是最关键的问题，是这两句的主语是influence，与主句前面的修饰部分不对应。如果广大考生都按某机构所言，猛杀being，就会错过这道题目的真正训练意义，这也是大仙我最反对的。

（5）本来没有进行感觉，用了being之后被强行加上了。如

For protection from the summer sun, the Mojave lived in open-sided, flat-topped dwellings known as shades, each a roof of poles and arrowweed supported by posts set in a rectangle.

1. each a roof of poles and arrowweed

2. each a roof of poles and arrowweed that are being 这动作就定在那儿了，不用做吧。

3. with each being a roof of poles and arrowweed

4. with roofs of poles and arrowweed to be

5. with roofs of poles and arrowweed that are

（6）该选项其它地方大错，拖累它们了。这种情况是最冤的。但是某机构会很轻松地利用它们把这题解释过去，实际上对广大同学产生了误导。如

Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore refused to carry even a pound of mail, despite being offered $1,000 to do so.

1.     Charles Lindbergh, for his attempt at a solo transatlantic flight, was very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he therefore

2.     When Charles Lindbergh was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, being very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane, he

3.     Since he was very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he was attempting his solo transatlantic flight, so Charles Lindbergh

4.     Being very reluctant to carry any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight was the reason that Charles Lindbergh

5.     Very reluctant to have any extra weight on his plane when he attempted his solo transatlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh

此题的D选项一直被简单解释为being不好，实际上此题being做主语用并无大问题，真正出问题的是本句的宏观修饰结构，留意划线外面的 黑体部分，这几个字限定了本句的主语必须是Charles L。

实际上，上一组题的

each a roof of poles and arrowweed that are being

也有其它硬伤，就是主谓一致。本题的主语是单数呢。这也给我们考生一个启示，一定不要纠缠于是否用being判断对错上面，而应该坚定地寻找更硬的判定原则

二 being、having也会对

255. (29858-!-item-!-188;#058&004408) (GWD-12-Q19)
Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
A. Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
B. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
C. An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
D. Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
E. Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

此题选E， Being用得一点问题也没有，分词做句子主语。

A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer's Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison,author of Invisible Man

B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison

C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison,author of Invisible Man
D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man
E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright's Native Son and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man

此题选E，一个简练的独立主格结构

Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the
brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about
how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
A. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
B. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
C. Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
D. Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
E. Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

此题选A，having正确地传递了两个动作之间的先后关系。

那些忧伤的having，being，但愿你们的故事，不要被匆匆掠过。。。。

学习一下各位年轻人的语言：原句你妹！

再用一下我自己的语言：某机构，你知道永远有多远吗？

以下细字点评是网上流传的某版本全解。除了肯定原作者呕心沥血的总结以及强大的共享精神之外，大仙我不由对一些由某机构推出的谬误流传之广而忧心。粗字为大仙注释。本讲重点批判“原句“的提法，不代表大仙认同其它的点评。

Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be brought into the country by visitors.

(A) Polio, although it is eradicated in the United States, it continues elsewhere and is able to be

(B) Polio, although eradicated in the United States, it still continues elsewhere and can be

(C) Although still continuing elsewhere, polio has been eradicated in the United States and could be

(D) Although having been eradicated in the United States, polio still continues elsewhere and is capable of being

(E) Although eradicated in the United States, polio continues elsewhere and could be

(A) 句子结构复杂; be able to do表示拥有能力去做的意思, 用在此处不合适; it continues中的it多余,因为去掉插入语although后,句子变为Polio it continues…,it和Polio重复

(B) it多余

(C)随意替换Although的内容, 更改了原句的意思

这里的要害不是什么“改变原句“的意思，大仙已经再三强掉，A不代表作者本来想表达的意思，所以也不存在“原句”的提法。判断意思对不对，唯一的标准是逻辑。这句的要害在于，假如用转折关系来修饰Polio继续这个事儿，则把该病被除掉以及可以被带到世界其它地方变成了并列关系。而实际上那2者按照意思应该是转折关系。

(D) having been eradicated使用错误,应该去掉having been; is capable of being表示拥有某种能力,用在此处不合适

(E) 正确,整个句子简洁,表达清晰,用could表达一种可能性

The single-family house constructed by the Yana, a Native American people who lived in what is now northern California, was conical in shape, its framework of poles overlaid with slabs of bark, either cedar or pine, and banked with dirt to a height of three to four feet.

(A) banked with dirt to a height of

(B) banked with dirt as high as that of

(C) banked them with dirt to a height of

(D) was banked with dirt as high as

(E) was banked with dirt as high as that of

(A) 正确，banked with与overlaid with并列，height of +数量词，表高度，例如a height of 6000 metres。

(B) that没有指代对象。

(C) 复数them没有指代对象，前面是单数名词framework。

(D) and was banked...在语法上与主句was conical…并列，改变原句意思。

(E) and was banked...在语法上与主句was conical…并列，改变原句意思；that没有指代对象。

妖雾又重来！你妹的“原句”！。谁和谁并列，不是看A选项规定谁和谁，而是看谁和谁有资格并列。此处如果使用D或者E的话，则把圆锥形和banked with …..并列，显然不如overlaid with 与banked with并列合理，因为这2者都是提到了材料的问题。

Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in San Antonio winds through the middle of the business district, and the River Walk, or Paseo del Rio,is the city's most popular attraction.

(A) Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river  in San Antonio

(B) Unlike the river in many cities in the United States, which is no longer the focal point of urban life, in San Antonio the river

(C) Today the river in many cities in the United States is no longer the focal point of urban life,unlike San Antonio, where it

(D) In few United States cities today, a river is the focal point of urban life, but the river in San Antonio

(E) No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life, but in San Antonio the river

(A) unlike连接比较对象不平行，cities和river。

(B) which指代United States错误，应该指代river。

(C) unlike一般不置于句中，容易产生对比歧义；it指代错误，在逻辑上不能指代前面的river。

(D) 去掉no longer，把全部否定变成部分否定，改变了原句意思。

此选项真正的要害不在部分还是全部否定，因为我们也不知道作者是想写成部分还是全部否定，而在于一处非常简单划线内外呼应关系，划线外面的一个完整句子，是以the river开头的，这条河也应该在那个市的里面，所以San Antonio必须出现在the river的前面，同时修饰两条河。另外today的修饰对象也有问题，如果放于句首会清楚一些。

(E) 正确，but连接并列的分句，不需要形式上完全对等。

Like the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth, to gather information about its size and curvature of its surface, new observations have been made by astronomers that show with startling directness the large-scale geometry of the universe.

(A) Like the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth, to gather information about its size and curvature of its surface, new observations have been made by astronomers

(B) Like the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth for gathering information about its size and also the curvature of its surface, new observations have been made by astronomers

(C) Similar to the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth, where they gathered information about its size and the curvature of its surface, astronomers have made new observations

(D) Like the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth gathering information about its size and the curvature of its surface, astronomers have made new observations

(E) Just as with the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth, gathering information about its size and curvature of the surface, astronomers have made new observations

(A) like连接比较对象不对等，navigators与observations。

(B) like连接比较对象不对等，navigators与observations；表目的用不定式优于for doing结构。

(C)用where引导定语从句改变了原句意思，原句并没有说明gather information是在Earth；similar to 放在句首永远错,应该用Like替换

我老人家都哑然失笑了，sailor不在地球上航行，难道在太空航行啊？这TM还用你所谓的“原句”来说？此选项的关键问题还是逻辑关系，即两个动作是伴随进行，随着航行的进行，收集信息的工作也在同步进行中。至于某机构热爱的“永远”二字，更经不起推敲，以上like与similar to的区别是意思上的区别，并无永远错永远对之不能翻身之说。

(D) 正确，navigators与astronomers对比。

(E) just as with搭配错误。

35. (26308-!-item-!-188;#058&003128)

Unlike the steam locomotive, which required an hour or two of firing up before it was possible to move under its own power, nearly full power could be summoned almost instantly from the cold engine of a diesel locomotive.

(A) it was possible to move under its own power, nearly full power could be summoned almost instantly from the cold engine of a diesel locomotive

(B) it was possible to move under its own power, the diesel locomotive's engine, when cold, could produce nearly full power almost instantly

(C) it could move under its own power, the diesel locomotive could summon nearly full power from a cold engine almost instantly

(D) moving under its own power, the cold engine of the diesel locomotive could produce nearly full power almost instantly

(E) moving under its own power, almost instantly a diesel locomotive could summon nearly full power from a cold engine

(A) 形式主语it与its指代对象不一致；unlike连接比较对象不对等，locomotive与power。

(B) 形式主语it与its指代对象不一致；unlike连接比较对象不对等，locomotive与engine。

(C) 正确，steam locomotive与diesel locomotive对比，it指代前者。

(D) unlike连接比较对象不对等，locomotive与engine。

(E) before moving…没有表达出原句所要表达的“能够，可能”的意思；almost instantly位置改变，引起修饰歧义。

这个可能不可能不是“原句”规定的，而是句内的对应关系规定的。因为后半句使用了could，而本句又是一个比较关系，所以前半截也要使用could与其对应。请记住，最靠谱的线索一定来自句内的呼应关系！

延伸阅读：

The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft will orbit the asteroid Eros for a year, slowly moving closer to the surface of the object to make ever more precise measurements that scientists hope will enable them to understand how the solar system formed some four billion years ago.

A. to make ever more precise measurements that scientists hope will enable them to

B. to make ever more and more precise measurements, which scientists are hoping to enable them

C. for making ever more precise measurements, and scientists hope that they will be able to

D. with the purpose of making more precise measurements than ever, and which scientists hope will enable them to

E. in order to make more precise measurements than it ever did, and scientists are hoping they will be able to

某机构的北京分校一位名气还不算很小的教师的点评，这人自称刘易斯：

一句意

NEAR航天飞机将围绕EROS小行星飞行一年，慢慢的飞向小行星表面来获得有史以来最精确的测量，科学家希望这能使他们理解太阳系在大约40亿年前是如何形成的。

二分析

b选项错，which如果在从句中做hope的宾语的话，hope这个词不能hope sth to do，一般是直接引导that 从句 i hope that you will be there soon

c表目的用for doing错，且句意不对改变了原句的逻辑关系，后面的句意和前面没联系了。

d with the purpose of 罗嗦， and which就更错了，定语从句没有平行对象

e 改变原意且罗嗦

此题答案为a，

原句原句，某机构还在“原句”！

大仙分析：

本题该某机构仁兄的分析命门有2个：表目的不能用for doing 和所谓的原意。那么，大仙反问：

（1）谁告诉你，这里要表目的了？就算是表目的，谁告诉你一定要用to do了？

（2）谁告诉你作者原意是A反映的意思了？

实际上本题在老外的论坛讨论中，基本上已经形成共识应该选C。大仙亦认同，且听我道来。

首先，判断答案正确的标准，需要有可推广性，否则遇到此题你说to do简洁，遇到一题答案为for doing选项的，你说for doing符合意思，这游戏就没法玩了。

那么这题以及下面各题的命门是什么呢，其实就是我一直在强调的动作发出者。请看A，按照A的写法，eable 的发出者是measurement，那么请大家想想，measurement有资格发出这个动作吗？这个动作到底是谁做的？很模糊，可以是前句的整个事件，也可以是测量得到的结果。C巧妙地回避了这个问题，断成2个分句，正是绕开了这个说不清楚的地方。

如果把某机构这位仁兄的思路套到下面几题，大家会选什么？

New genetic evidence—together with recent studies of elephants' skeletons, tusks, and other anatomical features—provide compelling support for classifying Africa's forest elephants and its savanna elephants as separate species.

A.     provide compelling support for classifying

B.     provide compelling support for the classification of

C.     provides compelling support to the classification of

D.     provides compelling support for classifying

E.     provides compelling support to classify

上面这题，某机构的仁兄会选E吧，很抱歉，答案是D。可能这位仁兄又会改口，对对对，这是固定搭配，support应该和for搭配。那么，下面这题呢？

Scientists claim that the discovery of the first authenticated     mammal bones in amber琥珀 could provide important cluesof determining, in addition to how, when mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies.

A.      of determining, in addition to how, when mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies

B.       in the determination of how and when the islands of the West Indies were colonized by mammals

C.      to determine how mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies and when they did

D.      for determining when the islands of the West Indies were colonized by mammals and how they were

E.       for determining how and when mammals colonized the islands of the West Indies

是不是该选C了。再次遗憾，答案是E。

实际上，从动作发出者的角度，很容易解释。在上一题中，假如使用to do 结构，则发出者变为了整句的主语，即evidence，但实际上，去做claasify这事儿的，肯定不会是无生命的evidence。至于是谁呢，不知道。所以干脆就用个动名词，说成一个东西算了。

下面一题思路如出一辙，discovery一词无法发出determine这一动作，另外，选项还有其它若干处区别可做判断。

总结：

（1）不能武断地说to do 优于 for doing

（2）需要区分动作的真正发出者，假如看不出，看看有没有其它地方的区别可以判断选项

（3）确保了不影响句意，才去判断to do优于for doing。