【GMAT考满分阅读RC题库】In most earthquakes the Earth's crust cracks like _真题_答案

GWD - 阅读RC - 144

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In most earthquakes the Earth's crust cracks like porcelain, Stress builds up until a fracture forms at a line depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress. Some earthquakes, however, take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earth's mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty. How can there be earthquakes at such depths?

That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927. when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their existence. Instead of comparing the arrival times of seismic waves at different locations, as earlier researchers had done, Wadati relied on a time difference between the arrival of primary(P) waves and the slower secondary(S) waves. Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant speeds, the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus, or initial rupture point.

For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter; the point on the surface where shaking is strongest. For a few events, however, the delay was long even at the epicenter. Wadati saw a similar pattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking. Most earthquakes had a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter. but others were characterized by a lower peak intensity, felt over a broader area. Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down.

The question remained: how can such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50 kilometers is too ductile to store enough stress to fracture? Wadati's work suggested that deep events occur in areas (now called Wadati-Benioff zones) where one crustal plate is forced under another and descends into the mantle. The descending rock is substantially cooler than the surrounding mantle and hence is less ductile and much more liable to fracture.

It can be inferred from the passage that if the S waves from an earthquake arrive at a given location long after the P waves, which of the following must be true?

AThe earthquake was a deep event.
BThe earthquake was a shallow event.
CThe earthquake focus was distant.
DThe earthquake focus was nearby.
EThe earthquake had a low peak intensity.

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正确答案: C

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哈哈哈哈109

参考答案简直就是垃圾
直接定位原文Because P and S waves travel at different but fairly constant speeds, the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus, or initial rupture point.
很明显可以看出，S和P的关系也就是interval和distance有关。

2017-09-21 15:26:59 IP属地：北京举报

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哈哈哈哈109 回复哈哈哈哈109

刚刚看了也有人说根据另外一个定位，可以得出选A
Both the P-S intervals and the intensity patterns suggested two kinds of earthquakes: the more common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and deep events, with a focus several hundred kilometers down.
仔细看好不好啦，选A需要两个条件
1：the P-S intervals 2：the intensity patterns

2017-09-21 15:29:34 IP属地：北京举报

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delpo

I'm pretty sure that the answer is C. Just imagine a scenario when the earthquake focus is just slightly beneath the epicentre(i.e it's a shallow event) and you stand at a location far away from the epicentre. In this case, you will find that the interval P and S waves is long, which not necessarily indicates that it's a deep event.

2017-05-05 11:08:26 IP属地：澳大利亚举报

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白鹭Egrette 回复 delpo

但我觉得focus is distant是比较有歧义的吧，不见得是垂直距离，有理解是水平距离震中很遥远，这么来看C的说法绝对很不严谨吧

2019-10-28 19:39:03 IP属地：局域网举报

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朕要喝奶

应该是C同学们。因为题目只说A given location, could be anywhere，并不一定是epicentre，所以能确定的只是离focus很远，说能确定是deep event，那是扯淡

2015-09-16 11:58:59 IP属地：广东举报

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zyxCarrie

答案是C

2016-11-19 10:59:39 IP属地：河南举报

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lovissy

必须是C

2016-12-04 22:56:16 IP属地：河南举报

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IELTS_killer

For most earthquakes, wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter; the point on the surface where shaking is strongest. For a few events, however, the delay was long even at the epicenter.

deep event比be distant更形象具体

2016-09-30 10:35:16 IP属地：局域网举报

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luoyalyn

查了所有的讨论，正解应该是C

2014-08-19 15:38:39 IP属地：贵州举报

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rexinshu

hhhhhhhhhugo（提到）：别顶C了。。。选A，，，这题鸡精有人考到了...最后verbal answer enhance 这题对了.....
别扯了，我买过enhanced report，根本没给那题对。。
同意C

2015-08-08 15:35:04 IP属地：局域网举报

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Nicole740Up 回复 rexinshu

太逗了 enhanced report根本不会看见哪一道具体的题的对错好不你确定你买的是正版的。。。我都不知道这玩意还有盗版的厉害了

2019-11-26 06:10:52 IP属地：局域网举报

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vickiaro

the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus, or initial rupture point. C

2015-11-24 18:14:47 IP属地：湖南举报

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Stylvia

难道不应该是C么。。。

2016-05-03 10:12:30 IP属地：北京举报

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