系动词主体和宾语的平行

  英语的动词有很多种,一种是行为动词如:walk, dance, and jump,另一种则是系动词,其表达的意思不是具体做什么而是这种东西是什么,属于什么,最常见的动词是to be,对于这种系动词其本身也有平行的含义,且相当隐晦。下面我们罗列了相关动词:

  ◆ TO BE: is / are / was / were / am / been / being

  ◆ 其它:appear / become / feel / grow / look / remain / represent / resemble / seem / smell / sound / stay / taste / turn

 

  当使用系动词时,必须注意主体和宾语的平行。

  ◆ Wrong: The bouquet of flowers WAS a giving of love.

 

  系动词was 连接了The bouquet和a giving。而这两部分结构上都没有平行,因此我们可以这样改写句子:

  ◆ Right: The bouquet of flowers WAS a gift of love.

 

  我们在使用系动词时要确保系动词所连接的前后意思上同样平行。

  ◆ Wrong: Upon being nominated, this politician REPRESENTS a step forward in urban-rural relations in this country.

 

  上例中REPRESENTS连接了the politician 和 a step forward。但是句意上出现了问题,变成了this politician代表了a step forward,实际上从句意的合理度上来说应该是nomination和a step forward的平行。

  ◆ Right: The nomination of this politician REPRESENTS a step forward in urban-rural relations in this country.

 

  要注意to te不仅仅可以做为系动词,同时也可以作为表达时态的词,例如过去式,完成时等。

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