看到CD上很多大牛在讨论这道题目,尤其B选项是个争议点,所以拿出来总结一下B选项的错误。 1)cost短语用法: at cost:以成本价 at the cost of:以。。。为代价。 at a cost的用法,有点问题啊 2)raising直接用来修饰cost,这种时态问题有常常发生的感觉,而题目意思是这个treatment、projects会带来什么样的结果,然后就是the city后面用了has proposed的现在完成时,从时态来看,应该有未来会带来什么什么结果的感觉,所以用whose cost,will的将来时更为符合时态。
In B, a present participle (such as RAISING) implies an action happening at the same time as the main action (HAS PROPOSED). Since the city has only PROPOSED the projects -- and these projects might not actually happen -- the sentence cannot say that their cost is RAISING water bills (in the present). Eliminate B.
首先读A选项的意思: 这个项目的成本把水费提得太高以至于.... B选项的意思改变了:这个城市以 提升水费为代价...... 原句意思是说这个项目的成本高,而不是说以什么什么代价。 at a cost【表示…为代价】容易导致修饰歧义,修饰动词propose。句子意思变为,那个城市以什么样的代价,提出了许多水治理和保护的项目。原句意思是要表达,城市提出了许多水治理和保护的项目,这个项目的成本实在太高了高到,即使是环境学家也开始提出警告。 B changes the meaning if you read carefully. It says city proposal are done at a cost (opportunity cost) instead of conveying the cause and effect (will lead to increase) that D provides. The City proposal will lead to the increase in cost. at a cost means opportunity 。 在这里,换成at a cost介词短语之后,它变成了一个状语,修饰了整个句子;而原句的逻辑是要修饰这个名词,导致了意思的改变。 我学会了:定语从句与介词短语的差别可能会改变句子意思。
,at a cost of doing即使这个选项把这一点错误改掉后,仍然不如D选项好,因为D的定语从句很明确地指出了修饰的对象。B at a cost rasing water bills 意为提高水费的成本,意思扭曲,不明确
at cost 以成本价,at cost of 以。。为代价 这里都不合适 并且raising是接下来要发生的后果,用will更好
B,at a cost of doing即使这个选项把这一点错误改掉后,仍然不如D选项好,因为D的定语从句很明确地指出了修饰的对象。B at a cost rasing water bills 意为提高水费的成本,意思扭曲,不明确 raising water bill的逻辑主语应该是projects 而不是city 所以不能用ing
choice B is ambiguous because 1) raising can modify either COST or PROJECT. 2) raising means this action happens at the same time with the "water treatment and conservation project".The intended meaning, however, as choice D mentions, is to alarm the future consequences. 3) at a cost doing is not idiomatic. should be "at a cost of raising", but this so minor as to be an eligible split. At a cost是说以什么为代价,本题的意思不是以什么为代价 ,仔细读,是说成本高
choice B is ambiguous because 1) raising can modify either COST or PROJECT. 2) raising means this action happens at the same time with the "water treatment and conservation project".The intended meaning, however, as choice D mentions, is to alarm the future consequences. 3) at a cost doing is not idiomatic. should be "at a cost of raising", but this so minor as to be an eligible split.
choice B is ambiguous because 1) raising can modify either COST or PROJECT. 2) raising means this action happens at the same time with the "water treatment and conservation project".The intended meaning, however, as choice D mentions, is to alarm the future consequences. 3) at a cost doing is not idiomatic. should be "at a cost of raising", but this so minor as to be an eligible split.
at a cost 有歧义:以...为代价 本意应该是实施这些项目产生的成本
at the cost of 以。。为代价 时态上 raising表示与has proposed同时发生,但句意上应该是将来发生
意思改变了:这个城市以 提升水费为代价...... 原句意思是说这个项目的成本高,而不是说以什么什么代价。 at a cost【表示…为代价】容易导致修饰歧义,修饰动词propose。
In B, a present participle (such as RAISING) implies an action happening at the same time as the main action (HAS PROPOSED). Since the city has only PROPOSED the projects -- and these projects might not actually happen -- the sentence cannot say that their cost is RAISING water bills (in the present). Eliminate B. . 原句意思是说这个项目的成本高,而不是说以什么什么代价。 at a cost【表示…为代价】容易导致修饰歧义 在这里,换成at a cost介词短语之后,它变成了一个状语,修饰了整个句子;而原句的逻辑是要修饰这个名词,导致了意思的改变。 我学会了:定语从句与介词短语的差别可能会改变句子意思。
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