逻辑 Critical Reasoning-12096

标记
A study followed a group of teenagers who had never smoked and tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. After one year, the incidence of depression among those who had taken up smoking was four times as high as it was among those who had not. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

【选项】Participants who were depressed at the start of the study were no more likely to be smokers after one year than those who were not depressed.

选项是否正确?

  • 正确
  • 错误

正确的用户笔记

0个赞

mim 2015-04-27 22:22:02

对比了试验开始之前的情况。试验开始之前,所有teenagers 都是不抽烟的,试验前depressed 的人并 不比not depressed 的人更容易开始吸烟,说明depression不是导致抽烟的原因,排除了一个潜在的weak point,从而加强,对 排除了反向的原因 说明正向是有可能的

0个赞

JoshuaZ 2017-03-23 11:20:59

排除因果倒置 抑郁的人不更有可能变成吸烟者

0个赞

wjwjwj128 2015-02-25 09:58:31

结论说是吸烟导致抑郁。 但是如果是抑郁导致吸烟(possible)的话,argument就不对了。 A是说在研究开始就抑郁的人没有比不抑郁的人在一年后更容易吸烟,所以排除了因为抑郁而吸烟的可能。

0个赞

Echosc 2017-03-24 17:45:26

排除因果倒置

0个赞

二黑要上7 2016-11-04 20:28:12

排除他因➡️加强

0个赞

janesdn 2016-03-30 20:05:54

排除因果倒置可能

0个赞

JennyFeng1987 2015-06-16 04:53:37

想半天没想明白,原来是因果结构的加强。 文章说A导致B,那我加强就把其他原因排除。也就是排除B导致A..

0个赞

CyndiaLee 2015-04-19 15:29:41

conlusion : smoking → depression。# A result in B# 加强: participants are not depressed first # B result in A ——so that A certainly has a factor of B —— not A→B #

0个赞

mim 2015-04-05 17:29:30

AB=两者相关 ,要想找到A到B的因果关系,就必须排除B到A的因果

0个赞

mim 2015-04-05 17:26:20

控制变量

GMAT

考满分GMAT备考平台-公开课天天看,免费提供强大的学习做题
系统,专业优质的在线课程助你迅速提分。

GMAT考满分App

把网站装进口袋
随时随地练习

联系我们