逻辑 Critical Reasoning-6923

标记
In 1960's studies of rats, scientists found that crowding increases the number of attacks among the animals significantly. But in recent experiments in which rhesus monkeys were placed in crowded conditions, although there was an increase in instances of "coping" behavior-such as submissive gestures and avoidance of dominant individuals-attacks did not become any more frequent. Therefore it is not likely that, for any species of monkey, crowding increases aggression as significantly as was seen in rats.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

【选项】Rhesus monkeys respond with aggression to a wider range of stimuli than any other monkeys do.

选项是否正确？

  • 正确
  • 错误

正确的用户笔记

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ziyi001 2014-05-04 16:51:45

What we have here is a "strengthen the conclusion" question. To strengthen a conclusion, you need to make one of the argument's underlying assumptions into a supporting premise by stating it explicitly. This argument is essentially: 1. Crowding leads to aggression in rats. 2. However, crowding does NOT lead to aggression in rhesus monkeys. 3. Therefore, crowding probably does NOT lead to aggression in monkeys the way it does in rats. Statements 1 and 2 are premises. Statement 3 is our conclusion. The question you want to ask yourself is: "What assumption are they making in between statements 2 and 3?" That assumption is going to be the answer to this type of question. In this example, you can't assume that the behavior of Rhesus monkeys would reflect the behavior of other monkeys. Although we could probably justify this statement if we watch a lot of Discovery Channel, we can't use that external knowledge on the GMAT. Answer choice C is a version of this assumption; it makes explicit the fact that rhesus monkeys are actually more aggressive than other monkeys. The natural next step of this chain of logic is that if crowding doesn't make rhesus monkeys act aggressively, it probably doesn't make any other monkeys act aggressively. As a result, C is the best way to strengthen this conclusion. Hope that's helpful!

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爱吃胖虎的大熊 2016-10-28 11:54:28

选项说，这种猴子aggression的反应范围比别的猴子都要大很多，也就是说这种猴子比别的猴子都容易受刺激。。。。。所以他都能不aggression别的肯定也不aggression

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blanche001 2014-09-15 23:46:23

要注意原文的细节 原文中说的实验只是针对rhesus monkey 这一种猴子，但是结论是对for any species of monkey 这中间就有一个gap，rhesus monkey能不能代表any species of monkey 这个选项说，rhesus monkey更易怒，也就是rhesus最易怒，连rhesus都不表现出攻击，那么其他所有的monkeys 就更不用说了。 这个选项是说明选取的样本 的有效性，选取的是最极端的样本

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二黑要上7 2016-10-06 22:10:06

最容易受到刺激的猴子攻击数量都没有增加

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blingvivienne 2016-08-06 18:27:39

【加强题：样本与总体类】错因：没有留意到必须加强样本推导出总体的逻辑推导过程，即选项要加强样本代表性。 S，样本与总体。RM在拥挤环境下，cp增加，但是攻击数量没有增加。目标：加强结论：对于任何种类的猴子来说，攻击行为都不会显著增加。尤其注意这里指任何种类，而实验里面是RM。选C的，说明这种猴子相比其他猴子更容易受刺激会攻击，这就说明它已经代表了总体中最麻烦的一种，它都没问题了，any species 也就没问题了。

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onlyjx 2016-07-04 17:32:58

这道题原本的思路的思路是从样本推断总体，要加强结论，就要说明这个样本具有代表性。c选项说能够刺激这种猴子的攻击的刺激物比其他的猴子要多很多，但是这种猴子都没有发怒，说明其他的猴子发怒的可能性也很小，进而加强了结论。

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Goooaway 2016-06-15 20:14:46

respond with aggression to a wider range of stimuli 对更大范围的刺激产生攻击反应。

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danislj1227126 2016-06-10 08:45:58

文章想证明所有猴子都不会在拥挤环境中容易attack。这个选项举了一个极端的例子，r猴子最容易攻击，但都没有表现出攻击，足以说明猴子并不会在拥挤环境中攻击。

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jeffvan 2016-05-24 13:37:11

原文说的是一种r的猴子 在拥挤的时候会有一些避免攻击的行为。 结论是 不大可能所有品种的猴子 都像老鼠 那样在拥挤的时候会增加攻击行为。 问加强 原文仅仅用r猴就推论出所有猴子种类的一种共性，那么加强项就应该是说明r猴做为样本得出的结论是有代表性的。 该选项说，r猴比起其他猴更容易受到刺激而有攻击行为。那么这个猴在拥挤的环境下都没有攻击行为，就说明其他猴更不可能有了。

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小邹GMAT 2015-10-14 17:11:56

注意看原文是any！！！这个是递减的作用。

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T100G700 2015-10-07 11:04:38

结论里说——任何种类的猴子都会产生更少的aggression——文章只说了一种猴子。 加强：这种被调查的猴子是最容易生气的类型，所以其他猴子也一样不会生气

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yiran32069 2015-09-16 20:36:45

有样本推到总体，要加强说明样本是可以代表整体的。这种猴子相比其他猴子更容易受刺激会攻击，那其他的猴子就比这种更加不会攻击

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