说明：

本文是在国内GMAT考生中广为流传的PREP语法笔记整理而成。这些PREP题目，包括了老PREP和新PREP中的各2套共493道题目。我们把这些题目，按20道题目一组，创建了25个练习册，方便大家先做后看。

注意：此部分解析为非官方、非专业老师整理的解析。

先做后看，对大家的提高更加有好处哦~

而且借助考GMAT先进的做题系统，也更有利于后面回看错题以及分析错题哦。

PREP-SC2：21-40

↑↑↑点击上方开始做题↑↑↑

21. (25520-!-item-!-188;#058&002357)

Before scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly in

small amounts from the pituitary glands of human cadavers.

(A) scientists learned how to make a synthetic growth hormone, removing it painstakingly

(B) scientists had learned about making a synthetic growth hormone, they had to remove it

painstakingly

(D) learning how to make a synthetic growth hormone, scientists had to remove it painstakingly

(E) learning how to synthesize the growth hormone, it had to be painstakingly removed by scientists

句子结构：Before scientist learned how to synthesize… hormone, it had to be removed… from…

Before引导时间状语从句，主句主语it指代the growth hormone。

考点：逻辑表达、指代一致

1) 逻辑表达，分词结构置于句首时，其逻辑主语等于句子主语。

2) 指代一致，要注意名词和代词在逻辑上不一致的情况，从理解句意出发，确定代词是否指代合理

的对象。

(A) 句子结构不完整，只有because引导的状语从语，removing…不是完整的主句；it指代synthetic

growth hormone不符合逻辑，应该指代the growth hormone，而不是合成的H。

(B) Before后跟过去完成时态错误，因为learn应该在主句动作remove时间之后；it指代synthetic

growth hormone不符合逻辑。

(D) it指代synthetic growth hormone不符合逻辑。

(E) 分词结构learning…的逻辑主语错误，不应该是it（hormone）。

22. (25566-!-item-!-188;#058&002406) [OG原题，OG10-257，OG11-138]

The direction in which the Earth and the other solid planets--Mercury, Venus, and Mars--spins were

determined from collisions with giant celestial bodies in the early history of the Solar System.

(A) spins were determined from

(B) spins were determined because of

(D) spin was determined by

(E) spin was determined as a result of

句子结构：The direction in which … planets spin was determined by…

主句主语是direction，由which引导定语从句修饰，从句主语是the Earth and other solid planets，所

以从句谓语用复数spin，主句谓语是被动语态was determined。

OG10解释：

D, the best choice, is clear and concise, and uses correct subject-verb agreement.

Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they use the singular verb spins for the plural subject

Earth and the other solid planets--Mercury, Venus, and Mars.

Choices A and B furthermore incorrectly use the plural were, which does not agree with the singular

subject The direction. To express cause, determined by is idiomatic; the prepositions from and

through in A and C are not idiomatic. The phrase determined because of in B is redundant.

In E, the phrase determined as a result of is redundant, awkward, and unidiomatic.

OG11解释：

Agreement + Idiom

Two verbs collide in the underlined section, and both have agreement errors. Spins should be

plural to agree with its subject the Earth and the other solid planets; were determined should be

singular to agree with its subject the direction. The idiom determined by is used to express cause;

determined from is incorrect in this context.

A Spins should be spin; were should he was; from should be by

B Spins should be spin; were should be was; because of should be by

C Spins should be spin; through should be by

D Correct. In this sentence, spin agrees with the plural subject the Earth and the other solid planets;

was determined agrees with its subject the direction; the idiom determined by is used to express

cause.

E The wordy as a result of is not the correct idiom

23. (25612-!-item-!-188;#058&002525) [OG原题，OG10-264]

Scientists believe that unlike the males of most species of moth, the male whistling moths of

Nambung, Australia, call female moths to them by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory

ones, and they attract their mates during the day, rather than at night.

(A) by the use of acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and they attract

(B) by the use of acoustical signals instead of using olfactory ones, and attracting

(D) using acoustical signals, rather than olfactory ones, and attract

(E) using acoustical signals, but not olfactory ones, and attracting

句子结构：Scientists believe that…, … male moths… call female moths… using…, rather than…,

and attract their mates...

That引导宾语从句说明believe的内容，从句主语是male whistling moths，并列谓语是call and attract，

现在分词结构using…作伴随方式状语。

OG10解释：

Choice D, the best answer, is concise, maintains parallel structure, and clearly conveys the

comparisons being made between the two types of moth.

In A and E, the comparison between most male moths and the male whistling moth is not clear. The

use of but not does not clearly convey that most other moths use olfactory signals; rather than

would be preferable, as well as parallel to rather than at night.

In A, the phrase by the use of is unnecessarily wordy, and the insertion of they is not required.

In E, the final verb should be attract (parallel to call), not attracting (parallel to using).

Choice B violates parallelism with by the use of... instead of using, as well as with call... and

attracting.

Choice C distorts the meaning of the original with its suggestion that male whistling moths call

female moths to them both by using acoustical signals and by attracting their mates during the day.

The insertion of using in not using olfactory ones is unnecessary.

24. (25658-!-item-!-188;#058&002529)

The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely

scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.

(A) merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany,

including

(B) as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which

include

(D) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which

includes

(E) mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany,

including

句子结构：The new image… as…, rather than…, has emerged from… tools…, including…

主语是image，谓语是has emerged，过去分词found作后置定语修饰名词tools，including…是介词短

语作定语，修饰tools。

考点：逻辑表达、平行对称

1) 逻辑表达，which引导定语从句与分词后置定语作修饰成分没有差别，但定语从句需要通过其谓语

单复数来判断修饰哪个名词。

2) 平行对称-rather than，rather than连接的对象要对等，形式要相同，介词尽量不省略以避免产生

歧义。

(A) rather than连接对象不对称，分词scavenging与名词hunters；主语是image，谓语动词应该用单

数has。

(B) rather than连接对象不对称；谓语动词应该用单数has；emerge from后面应该跟名词examination

表结果，而不是分词examining表动作/状态。

结果。

(D) That从句应该修饰复数名词tools，谓语需用include。

(E) 正确，including是介词。该选项也有瑕疵，如果补充as就平行了，否则有歧义rather than+名词

原则上可以和前面任何一个名词对称。

25. (25704-!-item-!-188;#058&002607)

There is a widespread belief in the United States and Western Europe that young people have a

smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents and that the source

of the change lies in the collapse of the "work ethic."

(A) a smaller commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents

(B) less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents

(D) less of a commitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents had

(E) a lessening of the commitment to work and a career that their parents and grandparents had

句子结构：There is a… belief… that young people have… than their parents and grandparents had

and that… 比较结构。

谓语believe后跟that引导的并列宾语从句。

考点：比较、有效用词

1) 比较，less/more adj. … than… ，比较对象要对等，补出助动词以避免产生歧义，介词不可省略，

常见的错误用法有：缺少助动词；补出的助动词与前面不一致。

2) 有效用词-less，less of 与 a lessening of 含义不同，less of 是（相比之下）较少的，而 lessoning

是减缓，没有对比的意思。lessen: verb. to become or make sth become smaller, weaker, less

important, etc. lessoning 是名词

(A) 缺少助动词had会产生比较歧义，than前面有不止一个名词。

(B) 缺少助动词had。

(D) 正确，young people与their parents and grandparents之间have commitment的情况对比。

(E) less of a commitment与a lessening of the commitment含义不同；and a career与前面的名词a

lessening平行，不符合逻辑。

26. (25798-!-item-!-188;#058&002669)

A team of scientists has recently provided evidence of Earth being bombarded daily with as many

as 40,000 small comets, vaporizing in the upper atmosphere to fall to Earth as rain.

(A) of Earth being bombarded daily with as many as 40,000 small comets, vaporizing in the upper

atmosphere to

(B) of Earth's being daily bombarded with as many as 40,000 small comets, vaporizing in the upper

atmosphere and that

atmosphere, and

(D) that daily Earth is bombarded with as much or more than 40,000 small comets that vaporize in

the upper atmosphere and that

(E) that Earth is bombarded daily with as many as 40,000 small comets that vaporize in the upper

atmosphere and

句子结构：A team… has provided evidence that Earth is bombarded… with… comets that

vaporize… and fall…

宾语evidence后跟that引导的同位语从句，从句主语是Earth，谓语是is bombarded with，宾语comets

由that引导的定语从句修饰，该从句有并列谓语vaporize and fall。

考点：句子结构、逻辑表达

1) 句子结构

1）同位语从句，名词+that同位语从句结构常被名词+of being混淆，将that位置改变，使引

导定语从句，改变句子强调重心。

2）连词and在连接句子时，只能连接并列的独立句子（即主句），and后面的句子不能与从

句并列

2) 逻辑表达，现在分词结构在句尾可作定语修饰紧临的名词，也可作状语修饰整个句子，所以在这

种情况下需要特别注意，通常优先作定语修饰名词，如果不符合逻辑，则是作状语修饰句子，如

果二者都能理解符合逻辑，则说明该分词结构有修饰歧义。这种情况下，用定语从句修饰名词更

有效。

(A) evidence of being表达错误，evidence后面应该跟同位语从句解释evidence的内容；现在分词

vaporizing在句尾有作伴随状语修饰主句的歧义，vaporizing to fall to也不符合逻辑意思。

(B) evidence of being表达错误，evidence后面应该跟同位语从句解释evidence的内容；现在分词

vaporizing在句尾有作伴随状语修饰主句的歧义；and that没有并列对象。

(D) daily位置改变使其修饰对象错误；as much or more than搭配错误；and that在语法上与前面的that

并列，不符合逻辑，应该去掉that，与vaporize作并列从句谓语。

(E) 正确，第一个that引导同位语从句，第二个that引导定语从句修饰comets。

27. (25844-!-item-!-188;#058&002767)

In an effort to increase profits, the company moved itself from emphasizing its chemicals business

to expand into high-growth pharmaceuticals and futuristic biotechnologies.

(A) itself from emphasizing its chemicals business to expand

(B) itself from emphasizing its chemicals business then to expanding

(D) from an emphasis on its chemicals business and to expand

(E) from emphasizing its chemicals business to expanding

句子结构：…, the company moved from emphasizing… to expanding… 平行结构。

主语company后跟不及物动词move作谓语，from… to…是介词短语作状语。

考点：平行对称、简洁有效

1) 平行对称-from to，连接对象要形式相同。

2) 简洁有效，then表达了和from to重复的先后次序意思。

(A) itself多余；from… to…连接对象不平行。

(B) itself和then多余，then表达了和from to重复的先后次序意思。

(D) from… to…连接对象不平行，and多余。

(E) 正确，from… to…连接动名词。

28. (25890-!-item-!-188;#058&002817)

In 1997, despite an economy that marked its sixth full year of uninterrupted expansion with the

lowest jobless rate in a quarter century, the number of United States citizens declaring themselves

bankrupt has jumped by almost 20 percent, at 1.34 million.

(A) declaring themselves bankrupt has jumped by almost 20 percent, at

(B) declaring themselves bankrupt jumped by almost 20 percent, to

(D) who declared themselves bankrupt jumped almost by 20 percent, at

(E) to declare themselves bankrupt jumped almost by 20 percent, at

句子结构：…, despite an economy…, the number of… citizens… jumped by…, to…

考点：动词形式、习惯用语、逻辑表达

1) 动词形式，in+年代，是表示过去的时间状语，用一般过去时态。

2) 习惯用语-jump to，如果jump表示数量或水平的进步到一定程度，常跟介词to，而不是at。

3) 逻辑表达-定语，分词、定语从句、不定式都可以作定语修饰名词，但不定式作定语要慎用，因为

不定式也可作状语表目的，容易产生歧义。

(A) 现在完成时态错误，In 1997是表过去的时间状语，应该用一般过去时；此句中jump后应该跟介

词to。

(B) 正确，分词declaring作后置定语修饰citizens。

(D) 此句中jump后应该跟介词to。

(E) 此句中jump后应该跟介词to。

补充说明：介词despite

Despite: prep. =in spite of. You use despite to introduce a fact which makes the other parts of the

sentence surprising. 后跟名词。

29. (26032-!-item-!-188;#058&002964)

Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river in

San Antonio winds through the middle of the business district, and the River Walk, or Paseo del Rio,

is the city's most popular attraction.

(A) Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life, the river

in San Antonio

(B) Unlike the river in many cities in the United States, which is no longer the focal point of urban life,

in San Antonio the river

unlike San Antonio, where it

(D) In few United States cities today, a river is the focal point of urban life, but the river in San

Antonio

(E) No longer do many cities in the United States have a river as the focal point of urban life, but in

San Antonio the river

句子结构：No longer do many cities… have a river…, but… the river winds through…, and the

River…, is…

副词no longer置于句首，整句倒装。

考点：比较、逻辑表达

1) 比较-unlike，与like用法相同，比较对象要对等。

2) 逻辑表达，原句中的副词等修饰成分不能随意改变，尤其是带有否定意义的词，如本题中的no

longer，会使句意发生改变。

(A) unlike连接比较对象不平行，cities和river。

(B) which指代United States错误，应该指代river。

(D) 去掉no longer，把全部否定变成部分否定，改变了原句意思。

(E) 正确，but连接并列的分句，不需要形式上完全对等。

补充说明：

1、focal

focal: adj. Focal is used to describe sth that is very imporatant.

focal centre

2、比较结构 as/like 在句中

as 结构和 like 结构都符合语法规则的，难度较高。

As 或者 like 结构出现在两个逻辑分句的中间，这个时候就会产生歧义，到底这个结构是应该和前一

个分句构成整体还是跟后一个分句构成整体。例如：

Because young children do not organize their attention or perceptions systematically, like adults,

they may notice and remember details that their elders ignore.

(A) like adults (B) unlike an adult (C) as adults (D) as adults do (E) as an adult

我们注意到 A 选项和 D 选项都符合语法规则，也都和前面的 children 保持数的一致性，从纯语法规

则上讲是都正确的。但是 A 存在歧义。我们不清楚 like adults 是和前一个分句构成整体还是和后一个

分句构成整体，也就是不知道大人是在“do not organize”这个动作上和小孩一样还是在“may notice

and remember”这个动作上和小孩一样，所以有歧义。

因为前后两个分句的助动词不一样，所以可以使用 as 结构区分。如果 as 结构的助动词和前一个分句

一致，就应该和前一个分句构成整体；同样，如果和后一个分句的助动词一致，就应该和后一个分句

构成整体。

30. (26078-!-item-!-188;#058&002967)

Most of the purported health benefits of tea comes from antioxidants--compounds also found in

beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that inhibit the formation of plaque along the body's blood

vessels.

(A) comes from antioxidants--compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C that

(B) comes from antioxidants--compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and

vitamin C, and they

(D) come from antioxidants--compounds that are also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and

vitamin C and that

(E) come from antioxidants--compounds also found in beta carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C, and

they

句子结构：Most of… benefits… come from antioxidants—compounds that… and that…

主语是benefits，谓语是come from，宾语antioxidants后跟同位语compounds，由并列的that从句修

饰。

考点：主谓一致、句子结构、平行对称

1) 主谓一致，most of+名词，谓语动词与名词单复数一致。

2) 句子结构，连词and在连接句子时，只能连接并列的独立句子（即主句），and后面的句子不能与

从句并列，注意并列对象之间的逻辑关系。

3) 平行对称，and连接平行对象，要注意在语态、时态及形式上都相同。

(A) comes应该用复数；that从句就近修饰vitamin C错误。

(B) comes应该用复数；and they inhibit是独立句子，应该与主句并列，无法与从句中的found并列。

(D) 正确，that引导的定语从句并列修饰compounds。

(E) and they inhibit是独立句子，应该与主句并列，无法与从句中的found并列。

31. (26124-!-item-!-188;#058&002968)

Gone are the sharp edges and jutting planes of styles from former eras; instead, designers of

everything from cars to computer monitors have adopted a cornerless style of smooth surfaces and

curves that is more ergonomic, conforming to the shape of the body rather than flaunting shape for

its own sake.

(A) more ergonomic, conforming to the shape of the body rather than flaunting shape

(B) more ergonomic, conformed to the body's shape and not to flaunting shape

(D) ergonomic, conforming more to the body's shape rather than shape flaunted

(E) ergonomic, conforming more to the shape of the body than flaunting shape

句子结构：Gone are …; instead, designers… have adopted a style… that is …, conforming to…

rather than flaunting…

That is定语从句修饰单数名词style，并列的现在分词结构conforming to… rather than flaunting…作

状语修饰is more ergonomic。

考点：逻辑表达、平行对称

1) 逻辑表达，原句中的副词位置不能随意改变。

2) 平行对称，选项中如果都包括连接并列成分的连词，如rather than, but, and等，要注意对比各选

项之间并列成分的区别，是否保持了原句要表达的意思。

(A) 正确，conforming… rather than flaunting…是现在分词作状语修饰前面的句子that is more

ergonomic。

(B) 用过去分词conformed表示被动，不符合逻辑意思；and后面的to shape...与to the shape of the

body并列对象错误。

(D) more位置改变，改变了原句意思；and后面的to shape...与to the shape of the body并列对象错误。

(E) more位置改变，改变了原句意思；more…than错误搭配改变了原句意思。

32. (26170-!-item-!-188;#058&003042)

The Chicago and Calumet Rivers originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan,

but having been redirected by constructing canals so that the water now empties into the

Mississippi by way of the Illinois River.

(A) Rivers originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been

redirected by constructing

(B) Rivers had originally flowed into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but they have been

redirected by constructing

redirected by the construction of

(D) Rivers, originally flowing into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, but having been

redirected by the construction of

(E) Rivers, originally flowing into the St. Lawrence by way of Lake Michigan, have been redirected

through the construction of

句子结构：… Rivers, flowing…, have been redirected through… so that …

主语是rivers，由现在分词结构flowing…作定语修饰，谓语是have been redirected。

考点：句子结构、有效用词

1) 句子结构，在主从复杂句子中要注意主句和从句的主谓结构是否齐全，常见的错误选项是缺少主

句谓语。

2) 有效用词，by doing与by+noun. 在语法上都正确，但前者强调动作，后者强调结果，在GMAT语

法中，通常是by+noun.是正确表达方式。

(A) but having结构错误；by constructing无法表示结果，而是动作。

(B) originally用过去完成时态错误；by constructing无法表示结果。

(D) 主句主语是rivers，由现在分词结构后后置定语修饰，主句缺少谓语。

(E) 正确，flowing…分词作后置定语修饰主语rivers。

33. (26216-!-item-!-188;#058&003085)

Like the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth, to gather information about its size and

curvature of its surface, new observations have been made by astronomers that show with startling

directness the large-scale geometry of the universe.

(A) Like the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth, to gather information about its size

and curvature of its surface, new observations have been made by astronomers

(B) Like the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth for gathering information about its

size and also the curvature of its surface, new observations have been made by astronomers

information about its size and the curvature of its surface, astronomers have made new

observations

(D) Like the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth gathering information about its size

and the curvature of its surface, astronomers have made new observations

(E) Just as with the great navigators who first sailed around the Earth, gathering information about

its size and curvature of the surface, astronomers have made new observations

句子结构：Like navigators who…, astronomers have made observations that… 比较结构。

Like连接navigators和astronomers对比，现在分词结构gathering…作sailed的伴随状语。

考点：比较

1) 比较，like连接比较对象要对等，just as A do, so B do的固定搭配。

(A) like连接比较对象不对等，navigators与observations。

(B) like连接比较对象不对等，navigators与observations；表目的用不定式优于for doing结构。

放在句首永远错,应该用Like替换

(D) 正确，navigators与astronomers对比。

(E) just as with搭配错误。

34. (26262-!-item-!-188;#058&003094)

Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of

endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.

(A) hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these

have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(B) hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like exercise, and they have a

pain-relieving effect that is like morphine

pain-relieving effect like morphine

(D) the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated both by hot sauces and exercise, and they

have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(E) the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated by hot sauces, just as with exercise, and

these have a pain-relieving effect like that of morphine

句子结构：Besides adding…, hot sauces stimulate the release of…, just as exercise does, and

these have…

现在分词adding在句首作状语修饰主句主语hot sauces，just as exercises does是比较从句作插入语，

does指代stimulate，these指代endorphins。

考点：指代一致、比较、逻辑表达

1) 指代一致，关于these的指代，有疑问如下。

2) 比较，like比较结构置于句中，比较对象有歧义（详见第29题补充说明）。

3) 逻辑表达，现在分词结构置于句首作状语，其逻辑主语是主句主语。

(A) 正确，these指代endorphins。注意:一个代词可以指代多个名词的时候,优先指代离它近的那个名

词

(B) Like比较结构置于句中，比较对象有歧义；they指代对象不清楚；effect like morphine比较对象不

对等。

(D) 被动语态表达没有必要且 release 不能做 adding 的逻辑主语；they 指代对象不清楚。

(E) release 不能做 adding 的逻辑主语；just as with 搭配错误。

35. (26308-!-item-!-188;#058&003128)

Unlike the steam locomotive, which required an hour or two of firing up before it was possible to

move under its own power, nearly full power could be summoned almost instantly from the cold

engine of a diesel locomotive.

(A) it was possible to move under its own power, nearly full power could be summoned almost

instantly from the cold engine of a diesel locomotive

(B) it was possible to move under its own power, the diesel locomotive's engine, when cold, could

produce nearly full power almost instantly

cold engine almost instantly

(D) moving under its own power, the cold engine of the diesel locomotive could produce nearly full

power almost instantly

(E) moving under its own power, almost instantly a diesel locomotive could summon nearly full

power from a cold engine

句子结构：Unlike the steam locomotive, which…, the diesel locomotive could… 比较结构。

考点：比较、指代一致

1) 比较-unlike，连接比较对象要对等。

2) 指代一致，形式主语it指代了句子的真正主语（真正的主语在句子后部），因为有所指，所以句子

中如果再出现其它有所指的it，就冲突了。

(A) 形式主语it与its指代对象不一致；unlike连接比较对象不对等，locomotive与power。

(B) 形式主语it与its指代对象不一致；unlike连接比较对象不对等，locomotive与engine。

(D) unlike连接比较对象不对等，locomotive与engine。

(E) before moving…没有表达出原句所要表达的“能够，可能”的意思；almost instantly位置改变，引

起修饰歧义。

36. (26354-!-item-!-188;#058&003133)

A group of paleontologists recently announced that a site in Utah has yielded fossils of some of the

biggest armored dinosaurs ever found, and that they were at least 25 million years older than any

similar dinosaur type previously found in North America.

(A) and that they were at least 25 million years older than any similar dinosaur type previously

(B) and they are at least 25 million years older than those of any similar dinosaur type that

previously was

were

(D) fossils that are at least 25 million years older than those of any similar dinosaur type previously

(E) fossils at least 25 million years older than similar dinosaur types previously

句子结构：A group of… announced that a site… has yielded fossils of…, fossils that…

That引导宾语从句，说明announce的内容，fossile that…是前面fossils的同位语。

考点：指代一致、比较

1) 指代一致，they指代复数名词必须清楚单一，有多个复数名词时，尽量避免使用代词指代，以防

止歧义。

2) 比较-比较对象对等，compare, like等词连接比较相同对象时，要由that或those指代，否则会使比

较对象不对等。

(A) they 指代不清楚；过去时态错误，客观描述应该用一般现在时态；fossils than types 比较对象不

对等。

(B) they 指代不清楚。

(D) 正确，fossils that…是同位语，those 指代 fossils。同位语结构避免了 they 代词指代的歧义。

(E) fossils than types 比较对象不对等。

37. (26400-!-item-!-188;#058&003135)

Using technology as new as space-age fabrics and as ordinary as common dry-cleaning chemicals,

scientists and historians, in their attempt at cleaning and preserving the American flag that flew over

Fort McHenry in Baltimore in 1814, are hoping that it will then last another 200 years.

(A) and as ordinary as common dry-cleaning chemicals, scientists and historians, in their attempt at

cleaning and preserving the American flag that flew over Fort McHenry in Baltimore in 1814, are

hoping

(B) and as ordinary as common dry-cleaning chemicals, scientists and historians are attempting to

clean and preserve the American flag that flew over Fort McHenry in Baltimore in 1814, hoping

clean and preserve the American flag that flew over Fort McHenry in Baltimore in 1814 is being

made in the hope

(D) but also as ordinary as common dry-cleaning chemicals, scientists and historians who are

attempting to clean and preserve the American flag that flew over Fort McHenry in Baltimore in

1814, hoping

(E) but also as ordinary as common dry-cleaning chemicals, an attempt by scientists and historians

at cleaning and preserving the American flag that flew over Fort McHenry in Baltimore in 1814 in

hopes

句子结构：Using…, scientists and historians are attempting to clean and preserve… flag that…,

hoping that…

现在分词结构在句首作状语，修饰主句主语scientists and historians，谓语是are attempting，后跟不

定式to clean and preserve…作宾语，hoping…分词结构在句尾作伴随状语。

考点：句子结构、逻辑表达

1) 句子结构，当动词在选项中以谓语形式和修饰语成分同时出现时，要特别注意有作修饰语的句子

中是否有主句谓语。

2) 逻辑表达，现在分词结构在句首作状语，其修饰对象（即动作的逻辑主语）是主句主语。

(A) in their attempt at cleaning…名词表达方式不及动词attempt有效，且作为插入语修饰成分，句子

谓语是are hoping that it will…，如果去掉插入语，句子虽然在语法上没有错误，但逻辑表达不清楚，

it的指代也不清楚。

(B) 正确，and as ordinary as common dry-cleaning chemicals与前面对称，hoping…作伴随状语。

(D) but also没有搭配对象，而且不合原意；主语是scientists and historians由who引导的从句修饰，

句子缺少谓语。

(E) but also没有搭配对象；句首的分词结构using修饰an attempt对象错误；主语是attempt，句子缺

少谓语。

38. (26446-!-item-!-188;#058&003144)

Like those of the African white and black rhinos, the Sumatran rhino has two horns, but the front

one is generally less than a foot long and the second is so small that it often appears to be missing.

(A) Like those of the African white and black rhinos

(B) Similar to that of the African white and black rhinos

(D) As with the African white and black rhinos'

(E) Like the African white and black rhinos

句子结构：Like … rhinos, the… rhino has two horns, but the front one is… and the second is so…

that… 比较结构。

考点：比较

1) 比较-like，连接比较对象要对等，注意比较结构中的代词指代问题。

(A) those在句意上指代horns，比较对象不对等。

(B) that没有指代对象。

(D) as with搭配错误，应该是just as…；rhinos’与rhino比较对象不对等。

(E) 正确，like连接两种rhinos对比。

39. (26492-!-item-!-188;#058&003168)

As it is with traditional pharmacies, on-line drugstores rely on prescriptions to be successful, since it

is primarily prescriptions that attract the customers, who then also buy other health-related items.

(A) As it is with traditional pharmacies, on-line drugstores rely on prescriptions to be successful

(B) As with the case of traditional pharmacies, on-line drugstores rely on prescriptions to have

success

on-line drugstore

(D) As traditional pharmacies, so on-line drugstores rely on prescriptions to be successful

(E) Like traditional pharmacies, the cornerstone of a successful on-line drugstore is prescriptions

句子结构：As is the case with…, prescriptions are… 比较结构。

考点：比较

1) 比较的习惯用法，as be the case (with)…，是prep新出现的固定搭配，是as the case be的倒装

表达，常见的错误用法有：as it be; than be the case; as in/with the case of等。

(A) as it is with…搭配错误，it 无指代，不能指代后面这个句子。

(B) as with the case搭配错误。

(D) 应该是as A do, so B do结构，缺少do。

(E) like连接比较对象不对等，pharmacies和cornerstone。

40. (26538-!-item-!-188;#058&003184)

According to one expert, the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not so much

that dogs are being bred for looks or to meet other narrow criteria as that the breeds have relatively

few founding members.

(A) the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not so much that dogs are being

bred for looks or to meet other narrow criteria

(B) the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is not as much their being bred for

looks or meeting other narrow criteria as much

bred for looks or meeting other narrow criteria as much

(D) it is not so much that the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog is their being bred

for looks or meeting other narrow criteria so much

(E) it is not so much the cause of genetic irregularities in many breeds of dog to be bred for looks or

to meet other narrow criteria

句子结构：According to…, the cause of… is not so much that… as that… 比较结构。

考点：比较、平行对称

1) 比较的习惯用法，not so much that… as that… 与其说…不如说…，形式平行，常见的错误用法

有：not so much their…as much as that; not so as…as much as; not so much… so much as，

且前后不平行。

2) 平行对称，GMAT语法中常见的平行结构混淆选项是形式上平行，但逻辑上修饰对象是错误的，

要从逻辑意思出发，看平行对象是否合理。

(A) 正确，for looks or to meet平行修饰谓语bred，是功能平行而不是形式平行，表示be bred的目的。

(B) not so much their being…as much as that…不平行。

looks or meeting…中的meeting有与being并列的歧义，应该用to meet表示目的。

(D) it表语从句用法错误，第二个is多余，not so much… so much as搭配错误；应该用to meet。

(E) it表语从句用法错误；to be bred和to meet逻辑上不平行；not so much that…搭配不完整。

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