说明：

本文是在国内GMAT考生中广为流传的PREP语法笔记整理而成。这些PREP题目，包括了老PREP和新PREP中的各2套共493道题目。我们把这些题目，按20道题目一组，创建了25个练习册，方便大家先做后看。

注意：此部分解析为非官方、非专业老师整理的解析。

先做后看，对大家的提高更加有好处哦~

而且借助考GMAT先进的做题系统，也更有利于后面回看错题以及分析错题哦。

PREP-SC1：81-100

↑↑↑点击上方开始做题↑↑↑

81. (28921-!-item-!-188;#058&003760)

In the major cities of industrialized countries at the end of the nineteenth century, important public

places such as theaters, restaurants, shops, and banks had installed electric lighting, but electricity

was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still provided mainly by candles or gas.

(A) electricity was in less than one percent of homes, where lighting was still

(B) electricity was in less than one percent of homes and lighting still

(D) there was less than one percent of homes that had electricity, having lighting that was still

(E) less than one percent of homes had electricity, where lighting had still been

考点: 句子结构（Grammatical Construction）主谓一致（Agreement）

1) 两个句子并列,第一个句子含有be动词,第二个句子中的be动词必须省略,同时,一些重复的名词或

形容词也必须省略, 但是be功能不同时不能省略.

2) 单数复数: the percent of +可数名词复数形式, 谓语动词用复数

3) there be + n 句型中, be动词的单复形式由n的单复形式决定

4) 伴随状语不能修饰主句系动词

(A) 正确, 句子结构简洁; where就近修饰homes, 符合逻辑意思

(B) and lighting still provided省略了was, 因为这里was作为助动词,而前一个并列句的was是系动词,

功能不同,不能省略.

(D) was应该改为were, 因为one percent of homes是复数名词; having… 修饰对象不清楚。

(E) where语法上就近修饰electricity,导致逻辑意思错误；had been过去完成时态错误。

句子结构:…, important public places such as… had installed…, but electricty was in…, where

lighting was…

82. (28967-!-item-!-188;#058&003792)

Each year companies in the United States could save as much as $58 billion annually by preventing

illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance of

workers if they simply provided offices with cleaner air.

(A) annually by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through

improving performance of workers if they simply provided

(B) annually if they prevented employee illness and gain as much as $200 billion through worker

performance improved by simply providing

(D) in employee illness prevention and gain as much as $200 billion through improving performance

of workers if they simply provided

(E) by preventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion through improved

worker performance if they simply provided

考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）

1) 在句子中要注意意思相同的词或词组的重复使用

2) 尽量不要用动词的抽象名词形式,

3) 动词的现在分词形式做形容词一般含有正在进行的意思,而用过去分词形式做形容词一般表达其结

果,表示动作已经完成

(A) annually和each year意思表达重复; improving表示动作的过程,而这里的逻辑意思应该是

performance已经被提高,其结果造成了$200 billion的收益

(B) annually和each year意思表达重复; and gain有和if they prevented并列的嫌疑; through worker

performance improved…的重心在worker performance,因此不能准确的表达出原句的意思,应该将

improved置于worker之前,使重心变为improved worker performance; by simply providing offices

with cleaner air意思表达不清,没有表达出providing的施动者是谁

(D) prevention表达笨拙; improving不如improved意思表达准确

(E) 正确, by preventing结构比in… prevention结构意思表达更清晰; 使用improved代替improving更

符合逻辑意思

句子结构: … companies… could save as much as… by preventing…and gain as much as…

through improved worker performance…

补充说明:

形容词的位置的不同,会对句子的重心造成影响

83. (29013-!-item-!-188;#058&003802)

Stock levels for domestic crude oil are far lower than in past years, leaving domestic oil prices

vulnerable to any hints of oil supplies being disrupted in the Middle East or to any unexpected

consumer demand growth possibly prompted by colder-than-normal temperatures.

(A) leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any hints of oil supplies being disrupted in the Middle

East or to any unexpected consumer demand growth possibly

(B) leaving domestic oil prices vulnerable to any hints of oil supply disruptions in the Middle East or

any unexpected growth in consumer demand that might be

East or to any unexpected growth in consumer demand as was possibly

(D) resulting in the fact that domestic oil prices are vulnerable to any hints of oil supplies being

disrupted in the Middle East or to any unexpected consumer demand growth possibly

(E) resulting in the fact of domestic oil prices that are vulnerable to any hints of oil supply

disruptions in the Middle East or to any unexpected growth in consumer demand that might be

考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）

1) being错误使用: 以下几种表达中being属于多余

a) being + n. b) being + adj. c) as being + n./adj./v-ing

2) as不能作为关系代词引导定语从句, 关系代词正确的使用:that(指代人,GMAT语法中that不能指代

人),which(指代物),who(指代人,主格),whom(指代人,宾格),whose(指代人或物)

(A) being多余,应该删除；分词后置定语promped…就近修饰growth不符合逻辑。

(B) 正确, leaving伴随结果做状语修饰主语,结构简洁; that从句修饰consumer demand符合语法要求

(D) being多余,应该删除；分词后置定语promped…就近修饰growth不符合逻辑。

(E) in the fact of不符合习惯用法,应该使用in the fact that

句子结构: Stock levels… are far lower than…, leaving domestic oil price vulnerable to any hints of…

or any…demand growth…

补充说明:

该句中的并列结构vulnerable to any…or to any和vulnerable to any… or any表达都正确, 第二个to和

第一个to功能一样,可以省略

leaving和resulting in the fact that表达都正确,但是前者比后者简洁.

84. (29059-!-item-!-188;#058&003806)

The Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded to three scientists for their discovery that plastic can be

made electrically conductive--an advance that has led to improvements in film, television screens,

and windows.

(A) that plastic can be made electrically conductive--an advance that has led

(B) that plastic can be made electrically conductive--this advance leading

(D) of plastic's ability to be made electrically conductive, with this advance leading

(E) of plastic being able to be made electrically conductive--an advance that has led

考点: 习惯用语（Idiom）

1) 习惯用法: make sth adj,不使用make sth to be adj

2) that引导同位语结构强调整体概念

3) 同位语结构的形式: (参考白勇语法)

1. 名词性同位语, 名词解释名词:

n. , n. ; n. , a/an + n.或 a/an + n. , n.

2. that引导同位语结构:

抽象名词(evidence, result, principle等等) + that从句, that从句对抽象名词进行具体化解释

3. 概括性同位语结构:

用一个概括性的名词去概括前面的解释对象; 短语/句子, a program/ an advance/ a practice that…

4. 名词重复性同位语结构:

n. , n.(重复所修饰的名词) + that… 或 n. , the same n.(重复所修饰的名词) that…

(A) 正确, that引导同位语从句修饰discovery, 表达其完整的意思; an advance that has led作为that

plastic can be made electrically conductive的同位语对其进行概括,说明

(B) this advance不符合同位语使用方法, 应该用一个概括性名词结构,而不能使用特指.将this改为an,

变特指为概括性名词结构；this advance leading to…缺少谓语结构。

(D) discovery of plastic’s ability…强调的是ability是局部概念,应该用that引导同位语从句来解释

discovery的全部内容表达整体概念; with this advance leading不符合同位语的用法

(E) discovery of plastic…强调的是plastic是局部概念,应该使用that引导的同位语从句

句子结构: The Nobel Prize…was awarded to…for their discovery that…

补充说明:

同位语是GMAT考试中经常出现的一种表现手法, 且在GMAT考试中经常作为正确答案的标志.如本

题中的A,C选项,如果C选项中的to be去掉,整个句子无明显的语法错误,正确答案也不会是C,而应该是

A.GMAT考试中比较偏好同位语从句

85. (29201-!-item-!-188;#058&003882)

In 1945, after a career as First Lady in which she shattered expectations more audaciously than

either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison ever had been, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed a delegate

to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S Truman.

(A) more audaciously than either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison ever had been, Eleanor

Roosevelt was appointed a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S

Truman

(B) more audaciously than either Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison, President Harry S Truman had

Eleanor Roosevelt appointed to be a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly

S Truman had Eleanor Roosevelt appointed as a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly

(D) with an audacity never matched by Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison, Eleanor Roosevelt was

appointed a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by President Harry S Truman

(E) with an audacity never matched either in the case of Abigail Adams or of Dolly Madison's,

Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed to be a delegate to the United Nations General Assembly by

President Harry S Truman

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）句子结构（Grammatical Construction）习惯用语（Idiom）

1) 省略结构一定要能够还原

2) appoint是及物动词,后面直接加职务名词（双宾语）: appointed her the chief operating officer of the

company

(A) Abigail Adams or Dolly Madison ever had been结构中,had been省略结构无法还原, 也就是说

had been无法承接she shattered进行省略

(B) President Harry S Truman作为after a career as First Lady的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑.

Truman作为after a career as First Lady的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑.

(D) 正确, 句子结构简洁; Eleanor Roosevelt作为after a career as First Lady的逻辑主语; 符合逻辑,

appoint使用符合习惯用法

(E) in the case of Abigail Adams or of Dolly Madison's结构复杂, 且所有格指代不清; appoint属于及

物动词,后面直接加名词

句子结构: … after a career as First Lady in which she shattered…, Eleanor Roosevelt was

appointed…

86. (29247-!-item-!-188;#058&003883)

An international team of astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has

detected at least 18 huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter,the

solar system's largest planet.

(A) astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18

huge gas spheres estimated to have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter

(B) astronomers working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain has detected at least 18

huge gas spheres estimated to be 5 to 15 times Jupiter's mass

18 huge gas spheres that are estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter

(D) astronomers, working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, and has detected at least

18 huge gas spheres estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter

(E) astronomers, working at telescopes in the Canary Islands and Spain, has detected at least 18

huge gas spheres they have estimated to be 5 to 15 times Jupiter's mass

考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）平行对称（Parallelism）比较（Comparison）

1) 不能随意更改原句的意思

2) 习惯用法: estimate at 后常用价格等数量词,除此以外的概念优先用 estimate to

3) 比较的双方一定要对应

4) 定语从句尽可能简化,常常省略that/which和be动词. 能直接用形容词修饰名词时，可以直接在名词

前/后跟形容词，比定语从句更简洁。如:the chemical that is irritating常表达为 the chemical irritant;

huge gas spheres that are estimated…常表达为huge gas spheres estimated…

(A) 正确, 句子结构简洁, 意思表达清晰且用词符合习惯

(B) the solar system's largest planet同位语结构无法修饰Jupiter's mass; 在gas spheres that are

estimated at 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter比较结构中,gas spheres和the mass of Jupiter不对应,

无法进行比较

detected本来是原句的谓语动词,在该选项中做修饰成分,变成了附属结构; spheres that are estimated

at 5 to 15 times结构复杂,that are可以去掉; gas spheres和the mass of Jupiter不对应,无法进行比较

(D) and has detected没有能够与之平行的对象; 比较双方不对应

(E) 随意添加they改变了原句的意思, 原句并没有说一定就是astronomers进行了estimated; the

solar system's largest planet同位语结构无法修饰Jupiter's mass

句子结构: An international team… has detected …the mass of Jupiter, the solar system’s largest

planet.

补充说明:

GMAT语法题的原句一定可以让你看得出该句子的逻辑意思,句子的重心以及动作发生的先后. 原句

中的句子重心(比如说修饰成分, 谓语动词),以及动作发生的先后跟最后正确选项是一样的. 原句的逻

辑意思会有错误,但是一定是很明显的逻辑关系错误, 整个句子的逻辑关系还是可以让考生明白的.

87. (29293-!-item-!-188;#058&003892)

Results of a United States study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine have shown

college-educated women and women living in the South and West to be significantly more likely to

be using supplemental hormones as women living in the Northeast and Midwest.

(A) college-educated women and women living in the South and West to be significantly more likely

to be using supplemental hormones as women living

(B) college-educated women and women living in the South and West as significantly more likely to

use supplemental hormones than if they are living

to use supplemental hormones than if they lived

(D) that college-educated women and women who live in the South and West are significantly more

likely to be using supplemental hormones as were women that lived

(E) that college-educated women and women living in the South and West are significantly more

likely to use supplemental hormones than women living

考点: 简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）习惯用语（Idiom）逻辑表达（Logical Predication）

1) 一般来说在report, predicate, predict, shown等动词后面之跟简单的名词短语, 若其后面跟的是动

名词或名词所有格+动名词短语(sb’s doing),或名词短语之后用一复杂的现在分词来修饰时,都会造成

句子结构的复杂,笨拙. 经常用that引导宾语从句来对该类句子进行改写

2) 习惯用法: more…than…; as…as…

3) 不能随意更改原句的意思

(A) 整个句子结构复杂,应该用have shown that从句进行改写; more…as…结构不符合习惯用法

(B) 整个句子结构复杂,应该用have shown that从句进行改写; 擅自添加if改变句子意思,原句只是对

两个事实进行比较,并没有假设的意思

(D) more…as结构不符合习惯用法; were women that lived更改了原句的意思. 原句的时间框架都是

现在时,表明是两个现在发生的情况进行比较,而该选项擅自改成了过去时, 变成了现在的情况跟过去

的情况进行比较, 且that在GMAT语法中不指代人,只能指代物

(E) 正确, 使用宾语从句have shown that使句子结构清晰,简洁; more…than…符合习惯用法

句子结构: Results of… have shown that college-educated women and women… are more likely

to… than women…

88. (29339-!-item-!-188;#058&003906)

A recent study has found amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, as being about as

effective as newer, more expensive antibiotics and causing fewer side effects.

(A) amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, as being about as effective as newer,

more expensive antibiotics and causing

(B) amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, to be about as effective compared to

newer, more expensive antibiotics and with

expensive antibiotics and that it causes

(D) that amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, is about as effective as newer,

more expensive antibiotics and causes

(E) that amoxicillin, long a standard treatment for ear infections, is about as effective compared to

newer, more expensive antibiotics and with

考点: 习惯用语（Idiom）逻辑表达（Logical Predication）

1) 一般来说在report, predicate, predict, shown等动词后面之跟简单的名词短语, 若其后面跟的是动

名词或名词所有格+动名词短语(sb’s doing),或名词短语之后用一复杂的现在分词来修饰时,都会造成

句子结构的复杂,笨拙. 经常用that引导宾语从句来对该类句子进行改写

2) 习惯用法as…as…

3) 习惯用法: find sth adj, find that. ex. found the book entertaining, find that gadget is surprisingly

useful

(A) 句子结构复杂,应该用that引导的宾语从句进行改写；found… as being…不符合习惯用法。

(B) found sth to be… 不符合习惯用法; as …compared to不符合习惯用法; and with没有平行的对象

(D) 正确, 使用found that从句意思表达清晰,句子结构简洁; as effective as符合习惯用法; and

causes和is about as effective as平行,构成并列句

(E) as… compared to不符合习惯用法; and with没有与之平行的对象

句子结构: A recent study has found that amoxicillin,…, is about as effective as…and causes…

89. (29385-!-item-!-188;#058&003910)

Methane, which has long been counted among the greenhouse gases that are implicated in global

warming, comes both from natural sources such as bogs and from a host of human sources,

including coal mines, leaking pipelines, landfills, and rice paddies.

(A) that are implicated in global warming, comes both from

(B) that are implicated in global warming, coming from both

(D) implicated in global warming and coming both from

(E) implicated in global warming, that come both from

考点: 句子结构（Grammatical Construction）平行对称（Parallelism）

1) 一个正确的句子中,主语和谓语是必不可少的,缺少主语和谓语都会导致句子结构不完整

2) both…and…结构必须要平行

(A) 正确, that从句修饰greenhouse gases, which从句修饰Methane, comes both from… and from作

为整个句子的谓语成分,且符合平行

(B) 整个句子缺乏谓语; from both…and from…结构不平行

(D) 句子结构变为:Methane, which… 整个句子结构缺乏谓语

(E) 句子结构变为:Methane, which…, that come… 整个句子结构缺乏谓语

句子结构: Methane, which…, comes both from…and from…

90. (29431-!-item-!-188;#058&003914)

Archaeologists in Egypt have excavated a 5,000-year-old wooden hull that is the earliest surviving

example of a "built" boat--in other words, a boat constructed out of planks fitted together--and that

thus represents a major advance, in terms of boat-building technology, over the dugout logs and

reed vessels of more ancient vintage.

(A) together--and that thus represents

(B) together--and this has represented

(D) together that was representing

(E) together to represent

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）句子结构（Grammatical Construction）

1) 用破折号隔开的成分相当于插入语起到额外的解释说明作用, 去掉后不影响句子结构

2) 代词it/this/that不能单独充当主语,必须加上名词才能作主语

3) 不能随意更改原句的意思

(A) 正确, that is… and that thus represents限定性定语从句的并列,同时修饰a 5,000-year-old

wooden hull, 由于该并列结构存在着因果关系,因此添加副词thus修饰represents表明该逻辑关系

(B) this单独充当主语,错误; 随意使用现在完成时,改变了原句的意思,并没有证据表明一定要使用现

在完成时

(D) that was representing结构从语法上修饰a boat, 从而改变了原句的意思

(E) to represent从语法上修饰constructed out, 从而改变了原句的意思

句子结构: Archaeologists … have excavated… wooden hull that is… and that thus represents…

91. (29477-!-item-!-188;#058&003926)

Although they are more temperamental and far more expensive than transistor-driven amplifiers,

many audiophiles and audio professionals prefer the warmer, richer tones produced by vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers.

(A) many audiophiles and audio professionals prefer the warmer, richer tones produced by

vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers

(B) many audiophiles and audio professionals think the warmer, richer tones produced by

vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers make them preferable

preferred by many audiophiles and audio professionals

(D) vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers are preferred because they produce warmer, richer tones by

many audiophiles and audio professionals

(E) vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers are preferred by many audiophiles and audio professionals

because these amplifiers produce warmer, richer tones

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）

1) 两个句子并列,第二个句子中的代词主语优先指代第一个句子中的主语

2) 修饰成分要尽可能靠近修饰对象

(A) 第一个句子中的they优先指代第二个句子中的主语audiophiles and audio professionals导致逻辑

意思错误

(B) 错误同A选项

(D) preferred because they produce warmer, richer tones by结构中preferred by结构中间插入

because从句,使得by引导的修饰成分离修饰对象preferred太远

(E) 正确, 第一个句子中的they指代第二个句子中的主语vacuum-tube-driven amplifiers符合逻辑; 整

个句子结构符合修饰准则

句子结构: Although they are more…, …amplifiers are preferred by… because…

92. (29523-!-item-!-188;#058&003931)

Research has shown that when speaking, individuals who have been blind from birth and have thus

never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in the same way

as sighted people do, and that they will gesture even when conversing with another blind person.

(A) have thus never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently and in

the same way as sighted people do, and that

(B) have thus never seen anyone gesture but nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently

and in the same way that sighted people do, and

frequently and in the same way as sighted people do, and

(D) thus they have never seen anyone gesture, but nonetheless they make hand motions just as

frequently and in the same way that sighted people do, and that

(E) thus they have never seen anyone gesture nonetheless make hand motions just as frequently

and in the same way that sighted people do, and

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）习惯用语（Idiom）句子结构（Grammatical Construction）

1) 并列句主语相同,应该省略重复的主语

2) 习惯用法: as…as…; the same way as…

3) 一个正确的句子中,主语和谓语是必不可少的,缺少主语和谓语都会导致句子结构不完整

(A) 正确, have been…and have thus never…并列结构共同作为who的谓语修饰individuals; shown

that, … and that they will构成宾语从句的并列; as frequently and in the same way as结构中as

frequently as和in the same way as公用了一个as,两者合并简化了句子

(B) but在语法上使nonetheless make和have thus never seen构成并列结构,使得nonetheless make

也作为who的谓语动词,而宾语从句的主语individuals则没有了谓语动词; as frequently that不符合习

惯用法

make…, and (that) they will… 构成了宾语从句的并列, 从而使得第一个宾语从句缺乏谓语,且第三个

宾语从句缺乏that跟其余的宾语从句构成平行

(D) they属于重复主语,多余; but错误同B; as frequently that不符合习惯用法

(E) they属于重复主语,多余; as frequently that不符合习惯用法; and后面缺乏that跟has shown that构

成平行结构, 如果没有that的话, 会使人认为and they will…和Research has shown构成并列

句子结构: Research has shown that when speaking, individuals who have been… and have…

make hand motions just as…as sighted people do, and that they will…

93. (29569-!-item-!-188;#058&003953)

Both the complexity of the phenomenon known as extinction and the vastness of the biosphere,

having prompted many scientists to call for a large increase in the number of biologists working

both in the field and in laboratories to clarify the relationships among the planet's many endangered

life-forms.

(A) and the vastness of the biosphere, having prompted many scientists to call for a large increase

in the number of biologists working both

(B) and the vastness of the biosphere has prompted many scientists calling for a large increase in

the number of biologists both working

the number of biologists working both

(D) as well as the vastness of the biosphere have prompted many scientists to call for a large

increase in the number of biologists who both work

(E) as well as the vastness of the biosphere has prompted many scientists to call for a large

increase in the number of biologists who work both

考点: 句子结构（Grammatical Construction）习惯用语（Idiom）平行对称（Parallelism）主

谓一致（Agreement）

1) 一个正确的句子中,主语和谓语是必不可少的,缺少主语和谓语都会导致句子结构不完整

2) 习惯用法: both…and…，结构一定要平行

3) 主谓一致: both…and…结构构成复合主语,谓语动词用复数

(A) 整个句子缺乏谓语结构

(B) 主谓不一致,both…and…结构需要用复数谓语动词,has应该改为have; both working in the field

and in laboratories结构不平行

(D) both…as well as结构不符合习惯用法; both work in the field and in laboratories结构不平行

(E) both…as well as结构不符合习惯用法; has应该改为have

句子结构: Both the complexity…and the vastness…have prompted many scientists to call…

94. (29615-!-item-!-188;#058&003960)

The decline of the mountain yellow-legged frog in the high reaches of the Sierra Nevada has

become severe enough for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service quite possibly to list it as an

endangered species in the near future.

(A) severe enough for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service quite possibly to list it

(B) severe enough so that the United States Fish and Wildlife Service could well list them

(D) so severe that the United States Fish and Wildlife Service could well list it

(E) so severe that they could well be listed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service

考点: 有效用词（Diction）、逻辑表达（Logical Predication）

1) enough to, so/such…that…, so/such…as to三者都表示结果,区别在于:enough to表示主观满足,在

标准书面语中很少使用;so/such...that不用考虑逻辑主语问题;so/such...as to逻辑主语等于句子主语,

即句子主语可以执行as to后面动词所表达的作用,实战中发现选项中含有这三者,首先排除enough to

的选项

2) 主动语态优于被动语态

(A) severe enough to表达的意思错误。

(B) enough so that…不符合习惯用法; them没有指代

(D) 正确; it指代mountain yellow-legged frog; 使用主动语态, 表达更加有效

(E) they没有指代; 被动语态不如主语语态表达更有效

句子结构: The decline… has become so… that…

95. (29661-!-item-!-188;#058&003962)

Unlike frogs that metamorphose from tadpoles into adults within a one-year period, it takes three to

four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach adulthood, and so they

are restricted to deeper bodies of water that do not dry up in summer or freeze solid in winter.

(A) it takes three to four years for the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada to reach

adulthood, and so they are

(B) it takes the mountain yellow-legged frog of the Sierra Nevada three to four years until it reaches

adulthood, and therefore it is

adulthood, thus being

(D) mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years until they reach

adulthood, thus

(E) mountain yellow-legged frogs of the Sierra Nevada take three to four years to reach adulthood,

and so they are

考点: 平行对称（Parallelism）指代一致（Agreement）逻辑表达（Logical Predication）

1) 比较结构的双方必须要对应: 包括概念对等, 数量对等(单对单,多对多)

2) 在用like/unlike表达对比时,最有效的句子结构为: Unlike/like A…, B…(A,B为比较双方), B要出现

在句首

3) 现在分词短语和过去分词短语都可以做伴随状语，现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主

谓关系，即表主动意义；而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义

4) 伴随状语出现的条件是由一个主语发出两个动作或同一个主语处于两种状态，或同一个主语发出

一个动作时又伴随有某一种状态. 伴随状语的逻辑主语一般情况下必须是全句的主语，伴随状语与谓

语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的

5) 习惯用法:take sth/some time to do

(A) 不符合Unlike/like句式的最佳表现形式, 应该将对比物mountain yellow-legged frog放在句首; 不

符合比较双方的数量对等原则,frogs和mountain yellow-legged frog数量上不对等; they指代frogs, 不

能指代mountain yellow-legged frog, 导致逻辑意思错误

(B) 错误同A, takes sb until…不符合习惯用法

being多余,可以直接用过去分词做伴随状语, 但即使伴随状语形式正确,但是用在这里逻辑意思错误,

这两个动作并不时同时发生,而是两个动作存在因为关系,前一个动作导致了后一个动作,应该用因果

关系的并列句来表达该逻辑关系

(D) take … until不符合习惯用法; 使用伴随状语不符合逻辑

(E) 正确, 比较对象mountain yellow-legged frogs置于句首,比较更加有效,且符合比较双方数量对等

原则; take some time to do符合习惯用法; 使用and连接因果关系的句子符合逻辑意思

句子结构: Unlike frogs that…, mountain yellow-legged frogs…take… to reach…, and so they are…

96. (29707-!-item-!-188;#058&003977)

In some species of cricket, the number of chirps per minute used by the male for attracting females

rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can in fact serve as an

approximate thermometer.

(A) for attracting females rise and fall in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and they can

in fact serve

(B) for attracting females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, which can

in fact serve

possibly serving

(D) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, and it can in

fact serve

(E) to attract females rises and falls in accordance with the surrounding temperature, in fact

possibly serving

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）主谓一致（Agreement）

1) 若在题中的划线部分(即A选项)中出现情态动词,那么在最后的正确答案中必须有此情态动词或类

似语气的词出现, 实战中,不含此情态动词或类似语气词的选项均为错误选项,立即排除. 情态动词也

不可随意添加,原句中没有情态动词,选项中随意添加也为错误选项

2) the number of + 复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式; a number of + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动

词用复数

(A) 用for doing结构表示目的,不如to do结构有效; 主谓不一致,主语是the number, 谓语应该用单数;

they只能指代some species, 导致逻辑错误

(B) for doing使用错误, which就近指代temperature,导致逻辑错误

义存在；rise and fall和serve不是同时发生的动作, 不存在逻辑关系; 将can改为possibly,改变了原句

的意思

(D) 正确, 注意到了主谓一致; 使用to do表示目的更加有效; 用and连接句子, 意思符合逻辑

(E) 伴随状语使用错误,有作后置定语修饰temperature的歧义存在；possibly使用错误

句子结构: …, the number of… rises and falls…, and it can… serve as…

97. (29753-!-item-!-188;#058&003991)

Industrialization and modern methods of insect control have improved the standard of living around

the globe while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical

pollutants, having gone virtually unregulated since they were developed more than 50 years ago.

(A) while at the same time they have introduced some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants,

having

(B) while at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants that have

which have

(D) but introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants at the same time that have

(E) but at the same time introducing some 100,000 dangerous chemical pollutants, having

考点: 指代一致（Agreement）简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）

1) 现在分词的完成时态不能作修饰语

2) while 引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有 be,则从句主语和 be 可省略。while 后可

直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。如:

We are teachers while (we are) serving as students.我们边当老师边当学生。

3) 限定性定语从句表示的是局部概念: 例: I am checking up the models who are in black T-shirt. 表

明有很多模特,而我打量的是那些穿黑色圆领衫的模特.限定性定语从句区分了我打量的模特和其他的

模特.

4) 非限定定语从句表示的是整体的概念: 例: I am checking up the models, who are in black T-shirt.

表明这里有一群模特,这些模特共同的特点是她们都穿黑色圆领衫.

(A)第二个they有指代不清的嫌疑, 既可能指代第一个they所指代的Industrialization and modern

methods of insect control又可以指代chemical pollutants；句尾的分词结构having gone…目的是作

pollutants的后置定语，但有作状语的歧义存在。

(B) 正确, 使用sb do… while doing 结构, 省掉了they, 避免了同第二个they产生指代不清的嫌疑;

使用限定性定语从句符合逻辑意思

virtually unregulated; 第二个they有指代不清的嫌疑

(D) but introducing不能和have improved构成并列

(E) but… introducing不能和have improved构成并列; 句尾的分词结构having gone…目的是作

pollutants的后置定语，但有作状语的歧义存在。

句子结构: Industrialization and modern methods… have improved… while… introducing…

98. (29799-!-item-!-188;#058&004009)

A decade after initiating the nation's most comprehensive and aggressive antismoking program, per

capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per person to

about 60, a drop more than twice as great as in the nation as a whole.

(A) per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs annually per

person to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as

(B) annual per capita consumption of cigarettes in California declined from over 125 packs to about

60, more than twice as great as that

person to about 60, more than twice as great as the drop

(D) California has seen per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs annually

to about 60, a drop more than twice as great as that

(E) California has seen annual per capita consumption of cigarettes decline from over 125 packs

per person to about 60, more than twice as great as that

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）比较（Comparision）

1) 逻辑主语

2) 比较双方要对等

(A) per capita consumption of cigarettes作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; a drop more than

twice as great as in the nation比较双方不对等,应该改为that in the nation, that代替a drop, 构成对等

的比较

(B) annual per capita consumption of cigarettes作为initiating的逻辑主语,不符合逻辑; more than

twice as great as that不符合同位语构成方式,应该补上a drop对前面的现象进行概括

不符合同位语构成

(D) 正确, California作为initiating的逻辑主语,符合逻辑; a drop…结构符合同位语构成; that代替a

drop使得比较双方对等

(E) more than 结构不符合同位语构成; per capita 和 per person 重复; 改变了原意“人均吸烟量每年下

降……”，而 E 是“年人均吸烟量下降……”

句子结构: … after initiating…, California has seen…capita consumption…decline from.. to…, a

drop…

99. (29845-!-item-!-188;#058&004015)

A study of food resources in the North Pacific between 1989 and 1996 revealed that creatures of

the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from increasing sea

surface temperatures during the same period.

(A) that creatures of the seabed were suffering from dwindling food supplies, possibly resulting from

increasing

(B) that creatures of the seabed were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, possibly as a

result of an increase in

possibly as a result of increasing

(D) creatures of the seabed that were suffering from food supplies that were dwindling, possibly

resulting from an increase in

(E) creatures of the seabed that were suffering because food supplies were dwindling, which

possibly resulted from increasing

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）

1) 动词的现在分词作形容词,一般含有正在进行的意思

2) which/it 都不能指代整个句子

(A) sb. suffer from B,表示sb.遭受了B, B表示的是遭受的结果,因此使用dwindling不好,现在分词一般

表示过程, 应该使用名词或过去分词表示结果; 同样increasing也不好, result from后面接事实,表示原

因, 应该用increased或者an increase来代替increasing

(B) 正确。

应该用increased或者an increase来表示结果

(D) revealed creature of the seabed强调的是名词creature of the seabed, 不能准确的表达revealed

的完整意思

(E) 除了D中的错误外, which不能指代整个句子,使用错;increasing使用错误

句子结构: A study… revealed that creatures… were suffering because…

100. (29891-!-item-!-188;#058&004023)

To help counteract the adverse effects of trout stocking on the amphibian populations in certain

mountain lakes, biologists are recommending cutting back on trout stocking on the part of some

states and even their being removed from some popular fishing lakes.

(A) cutting back on trout stocking on the part of some states and even their being removed

(B) cutting back on trout stocking on the part of some states and even that they remove them

(D) that some states cut back on trout stocking and even their being removed

(E) that some states cut back on trout stocking and even remove the trout

考点: 习惯用语（Idiom）句子结构（Grammatical Construction）

1) 习惯用法: recommend sth., recommend that (使用虚拟语气), recommend doing sth.

2) 在require, demand等表“建议,命令”意义的词之后的that从句,要求用虚拟语气动词,即动词原形,不

加should

(A) and even their being removed表达笨拙;

(B) and even that跟cutting back不平行

recommending…并列，they指代biologist，但根据原句意思，they应指代states，故不符合逻辑。

(D) even their being removed表达笨拙, 并且跟cut bank不平行

(E) 正确，使用recommend that表达虚拟语气, some states cut back …and remove…结构平行

句子结构: To help…, biologists are recommending that some states cut back…and even remove…

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